Normal Duplex Doppler Waveforms of Major Abdominal Blood Vessels in Dogs: A Review

Abstract

The normal flow velocity profile and duplex Doppler waveform of the major abdominal blood vessels (aorta, caudal vena cava and the portal vein as well as their major branches) were examined by Doppler ultrasound. The flow velocity profile of an artery is largely determined by its diameter. The pulsatility of the waveform is related to the vascular impedance downstream to the point of measurement. Early systolic peak is present in the Doppler pattern of some vessels in some dogs. The waveform of the veins is mainly affected by the pressure conditions of the right atrium and the intrathoracic and intraabdominal pressure changes due to the respiration. Simultaneous electrocardiogram was used to reveal the effect of the heart beats on the Doppler patterns of the veins.

Ultra-sonografia da aorta abdominal e de seus ramos em cães

“…A técnica de ultra-som bidimensional fornece informações dinâmicas relativas à anatomia e à morfologia vascular, sendo complementada pela técnica de ultra-som Doppler de onda pulsátil, que permite detectar e quantificar a presença, a direção, a velocidade e as características do fluxo sangüíneo nos vasos (TAYLOR, 1990;CERRI & ROCHA, 1993;SZATMÁRI et al, 2001) .…”

“…De uma forma não-invasiva, a combinação das técnicas de ultra-som bidimensional e ultra-som Doppler de onda pulsátil em um único aparelho (duplex Doppler) permite uma avaliação precisa e rápida do estado físico das paredes vasculares (imagens dinâmicas) associada às características do fluxo sangüíneo dos principais vasos, podendo ser utilizada em qualquer idade, não necessitando de contraste, radiações ionisantes e anestesia (FERNER, 1994) O conhecimento da localização e das características morfológicas e hemodinâmicas tem fundamental importância na identificação dos vasos sangüíneos, pois as suas características ao ultra-som Doppler são praticamente específicas (SZATMÁRI et al, 2001). Dessa forma, a possibilidade de usufruir de parâmetros normais em animais sadios permite observar I Departamento de cirurgia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP).…”

The use of colour Doppler imaging to determine the effects of administration of butorphanol, medetomidine and ketamine on indices of feline ocular impedance

“…The technique provides dynamic real-time anatomical vascular information; moreover, it allows for the detection of the presence, direction, and type of blood flow into a vessel (Szatmari et al 2001). …”

“…An understanding of the normal Doppler signs of each blood vessel is important in their identification because Doppler signals are fairly specific to a particular vessel (Szatmari et al 2001). Doppler imaging of the ophthalmic vasculature is possible in many ocular and retrobulbar vessels including the external and internal ophthalmic artery, anterior ciliary artery, short and long ciliary arteries, and primary retinal arteries (Gelatt-Nicholson et al 1999a).…”

Ultrasonographic Examination of Some Vessels in Dogs and the Characteristics of Blood Flow in These Vessels

“…With the systolic ejection of blood into the aorta result- Source: S z a t m a r i et al [14] ing in pulsatile character of flow, its continuous flow in the periphery is maintained by the elasticity of the walls of the aorta and large vessels (representing blood reservoirs)…”