Normal enough? Tools to aid decision making

Spencer, Neil; Lay, Margaret; Lopez, Lindsey Kevan de

doi:10.1080/13645579.2016.1155379

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…We first examined the data for deviations from normality and variance of the distribution. Unless there were substantial deviations with regard to both distributional characteristics, we used parametric analytic techniques because, for example, ANOVA is robust to violations of its assumptions (Spencer et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Better Sleep in a Strange Bed? Sleep Quality in South African Women with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Lipinska

Thomas

2017

Front. Psychol.

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Although individuals diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) regularly report subjective sleep disruption, many studies using objective measures (e.g., polysomnography) report no PTSD-related sleep disruption. To account for these inconsistencies, some authors hypothesize that PTSD-diagnosed individuals have sleep-state misperception; that is, they self-report experiencing poor sleep quality, but objectively sleep relatively normally. We tested this sleep-state misperception hypothesis, collecting data on subjectively-reported sleep quality (in the home, and in the laboratory) and on objectively-measured, laboratory-based, sleep quality in PTSD-diagnosed participants from low socioeconomic status South African communities. Women with PTSD (n = 21), with trauma exposure but no PTSD (TE; n = 19), and healthy controls (HC; n = 20) completed questionnaires on their average sleep quality in the past 30 days, and on their sleep quality after a night (8 h) of polysomnographic-monitored sleep in the laboratory. PTSD-diagnosed individuals reported poorer everyday subjective sleep quality than TE and HC individuals. In the laboratory, however, there were no between-group differences in subjective sleep quality, and few between-group differences in objective sleep quality (PTSD-diagnosed individuals only had decreased sleep depth). Furthermore, whereas measures of laboratory-based objective and subjective sleep quality correlated significantly, especially in PTSD-diagnosed individuals, there were few significant associations between objective sleep measures and everyday subjective sleep quality. Taken together, these findings suggest that PTSD-diagnosed individuals likely experienced better sleep quality in the laboratory than at home. Descriptive observations corroborated this interpretation, with almost half the sample rating their laboratory sleep (which they described as “safe” and “quiet”) as better than their home sleep (which was experienced in an atmosphere marked by high levels of violence and nighttime noise). These findings disconfirm the sleep-state misperception hypothesis as related to PTSD, and suggest that the laboratory environment may influence sleep quality positively in these individuals. Many investigations of sleep in PTSD do not consider the influence of the laboratory environment. Our findings suggest that future studies in this field should consider that sleep-state misperception may be an artifact of the laboratory setting, especially when samples are drawn from communities where violence and crime are an everyday reality.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Better Sleep in a Strange Bed? Sleep Quality in South African Women with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Lipinska

Thomas

2017

Front. Psychol.

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“…The implication of such small samples is their reduced statistical power to find small but significant effects (Loken and Gelman, 2017). Additionally, small samples make it difficult to ensure randomization across all demographic characteristics or possible control variables, and to parse the study population for statistical analysis across multiple variables (Spencer et al, 2017). Nonetheless, significant effects such as those we have demonstrated with a small sample indicate that the treatment effect is likely larger than the equivalent result with a larger sample (Friston, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Assessing performance-use preferences through an institutional logics lens

Ngoye

Sierra

Ysa

2019

IJPSM

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of shared cognitive frames, in particular, that of institutional logics, on the deployment and use of performance measurement systems (PMSs) in the public sector. Design/methodology/approach Using novel priming techniques derived from behavioral and social psychology, three institutional logics – the public, market-managerial and professional logics – are differentially surfaced in three independent experimental groups. The influence of these primed institutional logics on performance measurement use preferences are then empirically assessed using appropriate analysis of variance techniques. Findings Contrary to theoretical predictions, the paper reveals logic congruence regarding some uses of PMSs in the public sector, and divergence regarding others. Individuals applying a public logic were more likely to propose performance measurement use for strategic planning or strategic alignment; while those applying a professional logic were more likely to propose performance measurement use for learning, compared to otherwise primed individuals. Research limitations/implications Considering the sample size and the novelty of the priming tools, it is feasible that other potentially significant effects may have been missed. Originality/value The paper addresses a gap in literature regarding the influence of shared cognitive frames on performance measurement use in public sector organizations. The paper further presents priming techniques embedded within an experimental design as an appropriate method for the micro-level study of attitudes, preferences and judgments in the public sector.

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“…There is a suggestion of some clustering at around 0.18 g (180 mg). Multivariate analysis 23 was performed to ascertain if this correlated with initial ROSE assessment (insufficient, benign or malignant—note that three passes with ROSE assessments of equivocal/benign or suggestive of malignancy were excluded as they formed groups too small for analysis), needle type and gauge (standard or Procore, 22 or 25) and pass number.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid onsite evaluation uses a very small proportion of total material aspirated at endobronchial or endoscopic ultrasound in the investigation of suspected thoracic malignancy

et al. 2021

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Introduction The objectives were: to measure the proportion of aspirated material used to make direct slides for rapid onsite evaluation (ROSE) at endobronchial (EBUS) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in suspected thoracic malignancy; and to correlate pass weights with ROSE category and needle size. Method All EBUS and EUS cases for possible thoracic malignancy October 2018‐May 2019 were included. All material from each pass was expelled into a Petri dish. One drop of material was placed on each of two slides; one used for ROSE, the other fixed and remaining material processed to cell block. Dish and slides were weighed before and after this procedure on a sensitive balance and weight of aspirate and slide material calculated. When ROSE identified malignancy, slide production ceased but target sampling for ancillary studies continued. Results ROSE accuracy was 96.8%. Mean percentage by target of aspirated material used to make direct slides for ROSE was 1.9% in malignant cases and 3.6% in non‐malignant cases (P = .027 for difference). Mean percentage by pass was 5.9%. Mean weight of a single aspirate was 128.8 mg. Mean weight of aspirates insufficient on ROSE (175.7 mg) was significantly higher than the mean weight of benign or malignant aspirates (117.1 and 114.0 mg, respectively). Mean weight of aspirates using 22G needles (132.6 mg) was significantly higher than that for 25G needles (87.1 mg). Conclusion Material made into direct slides at EBUS and EUS and used in part for ROSE uses a tiny proportion of aspirated material with over 98% processed to cell block and available for ancillary testing in malignant cases.

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Normal enough? Tools to aid decision making

Cited by 6 publications

References 32 publications

Better Sleep in a Strange Bed? Sleep Quality in South African Women with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Better Sleep in a Strange Bed? Sleep Quality in South African Women with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Assessing performance-use preferences through an institutional logics lens

Rapid onsite evaluation uses a very small proportion of total material aspirated at endobronchial or endoscopic ultrasound in the investigation of suspected thoracic malignancy

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