Normal fMRI Brain Activation Patterns in Children Performing a Verb Generation Task

Holland, Scott K.; Plante, Elena; Byars, Anna W.; Strawsburg, Richard H.; Schmithorst, Vincent J.; Ball, William S.

doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0875

Cited by 380 publications

(438 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…for the processing of prosodic information (Homae et al, 2006;Wartenburger et al, 2007). An increase in language lateralization to the left hemisphere, however, was observed with increasing age (Holland et al, 2001;Szaflarski et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Temporal dynamics of perisylvian activation during language processing in children and adults

2008

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The perisylvian region of the human cortex is known to play a major role in language processing. Especially the superior temporal cortex (STC) and the inferior frontal cortex (IFC) have been investigated with respect to their particular involvement in language comprehension. In the present research, the timing of recruitment of these language-related brain areas in both hemispheres was examined as a function of age using functional imaging data of 6-year-old children and adults with a special focus on blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response time courses. The results show that children's activation time courses differ from that of adults. First, children show an overall later peak of BOLD responses. Second, children's IFC responds much later than their STC, while in adults the difference between both regions is less pronounced. Within the STC, both groups show similar regionally U-shaped activation patterns with fastest peaks in voxels at the STC's mid-portion around Heschl's gyrus and longer latencies in anterior and posterior directions, suggesting a coarsely similar information flow in adults and children in the temporal region. Finally, children in contrast to adults, display a temporal primacy of right over left hemispheric activation. The observed overall latency differences between children and adults are in line with the assumption of ongoing maturation in perisylvian brain regions and the connections between them. A functional perspective on BOLD timing argues for a developmental change from higher processing costs in children compared to adults due to slower and less automatic language processes, in particular those located in the IFC. The observed hemispheric differences are discussed in the context of developmental models assuming a high reliance on right-hemisphere-based suprasegmental information processing during language comprehension in childhood.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Temporal dynamics of perisylvian activation during language processing in children and adults

2008

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“…This LI difference is also likely related, in part, to the differences in the activation patterns between the tasks that are due to various language components involved in the SDTD task versus the VG task. In contrast to the SDTD task, the VG task uses spontaneous verb generation in response to common nouns while finger tapping is used as a control [36,41]. Therefore, in this task, subtracting auditory and working memory components of language processing is not possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monitoring finger tapping via closed-circuit TV also provided a gross assessment of task performance by the subjects. This word fluency fMRI task is known to activate areas involved in lexical processing including the inferior frontal gyrus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, superior and middle temporal gyri, and anterior cingulated gyrus [41]. The total duration of this task is 5 minutes 30 seconds.…”

Section: Verb Generation Task (Vg)-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laterality indices for the patients with epilepsy were calculated using the ROIs generated based on the healthy subjects' fMRI data. On the basis of previous studies, we assumed VG to be symmetric if the LI ranged between −0.1 and 0.1, to be left hemisphere dominant if the LI was >0.1, and to be right hemisphere dominant if the LI was less than −0.1; for the SDTD, the cutoff points were −0.2 and 0.2 [27,41].…”

Section: Functional Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive presurgical functional MRI language evaluation in adult patients with epilepsy

Szaflarski

Holland

Jacola

et al. 2008

Epilepsy & Behavior

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113

137

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Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has the potential to replace the intracarotid amobarbital procedure (IAP) in presurgical evaluation of patients with epilepsy patients. In this study, we compared fMRI verb generation (VG) and semantic decision/tone decision (SDTD) tasks and the IAP in their ability to localize language functions in patients with epilepsy undergoing presurgical evaluation. We enrolled 50 healthy controls to establish normal language activation patterns for VG and SDTD tasks at 3 or 4 T, and to design language regions of interest (ROIs) that were later applied to 38 patients with epilepsy (28 of 38 also underwent the IAP). We calculated laterality indices (LIs) for each task for each subject based on the ROIs, and we used general linear modeling to analyze the fMRI data. All healthy and epileptic subjects activated language areas with both fMRI tasks. We found significant correlations in language lateralization between the fMRI tasks (r = 0.495, P ≤ 0.001) and between VG and IAP (r = 0.652, P < 0.001) and SDTD and IAP (r = 0.735, P < 0.001). The differences in LIs between SDTD and VG tasks were small and not affected by age, gender, epilepsy status, handedness, or performance. SDTD and VG tasks combined explained approximately 58.4% in the variability of the IAP/language. In the general linear modeling, only the SDTD task significantly contributed to the determination of language lateralization in patients with epilepsy undergoing presurgical evaluation. Results indicate a moderate convergent validity between both fMRI language tasks and between IAP and fMRI tasks. The results of this study indicate that either of these fMRI tasks can be used for language lateralization in patients with epilepsy undergoing presurgical evaluation, but that the SDTD task is likely to provide more information regarding language lateralization than the VG task.

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“…This study also reported that adults showed greater activation than children in left inferior frontal gyrus and left superior temporal gyrus, suggesting that adults engage these nodes of the language network to a greater degree than do children for phonological processing involved in rhyme decisions. Other neuroimaging studies using different lexical tasks have also shown developmental increases in activation of left inferior frontal gyrus (Gaillard, et al 2003;Holland, et al 2001;Shaywitz, et al 2002;Turkeltaub, et al 2003) and learning related increases in adults' activation of left superior temporal gyrus (Callan, et al 2003;Raboyeau, et al 2004;Wang, et al 2003). Although neither adults nor children showed significant activation relative to a control task in left angular gyrus in a rhyming task (Booth, et al 2004), adults showed significantly greater activation than children in this region when directly comparing the two age groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Developmental changes in brain regions involved in phonological and orthographic processing during spoken language processing

et al. 2008

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Developmental differences in brain activation of 9-to 15-year-old children were examined during an auditory rhyme decision task to spoken words using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). As a group, children showed activation in left superior/middle temporal gyri (BA 22, 21), right middle temporal gyrus (BA 21), dorsal (BA 45, pars opercularis) and ventral (BA 46, pars triangularis) aspects of left inferior frontal gyrus, and left fusiform gyrus (BA 37). There was a developmental increase in activation in left middle temporal gyrus (BA 22) across all lexical conditions, suggesting that automatic semantic processing increases with age regardless of task demands. Activation in left dorsal inferior frontal gyrus also showed developmental increases for the conflicting (e.g. PINT-MINT) compared to the non-conflicting (e.g. PRESS-LIST) non-rhyming conditions, indicating that this area becomes increasingly involved in strategic phonological processing in the face of conflicting orthographic and phonological representations. Left inferior temporal/fusiform gyrus (BA 37) activation was also greater for the conflicting (e.g. PINT-MINT) condition, and a developmental increase was found in the positive relationship between individuals' reaction time and activation in left lingual/fusiform gyrus (BA 18) in this condition, indicating an age-related increase in the association between longer reaction times and greater visual-orthographic processing in this conflicting condition. These results suggest that orthographic processing is automatically engaged by children in a task that does not require access to orthographic information for correct performance, especially when orthographic and phonological representations conflict, and especially for longer response latencies in older children.

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Normal fMRI Brain Activation Patterns in Children Performing a Verb Generation Task

Cited by 380 publications

References 32 publications

Temporal dynamics of perisylvian activation during language processing in children and adults

Temporal dynamics of perisylvian activation during language processing in children and adults

Comprehensive presurgical functional MRI language evaluation in adult patients with epilepsy

Developmental changes in brain regions involved in phonological and orthographic processing during spoken language processing

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