Normal Function of Myf5 During Gastrulation Is Required for Pharyngeal Arch Cartilage Development in Zebrafish Embryos

Abstract

Myf5, a myogenic regulatory factor, plays a key role in regulating muscle differentiation. However, it is not known if Myf5 has a regulatory role during early embryogenesis. Here, we used myf5-morpholino oligonucleotides [MO] to knock down myf5 expression and demonstrated a series of results pointing to the functional roles of Myf5 during early embryogenesis: (1) reduced head size resulting from abnormal morphology in the cranial skeleton; (2) decreased expressions of the cranial neural crest (CNC) markers foxd3, sox9a, dlx2, and col2a1; (3) defect in the chondrogenic neural crest similar to that of fgf3 morphants; (4) reduced fgf3/fgf8 transcripts in the cephalic mesoderm rescued by co-injection of myf5 wobble-mismatched mRNA together with myf5-MO1 during 12 h postfertilization; (5) abnormal patterns of axial and non-axial mesoderm causing expansion of the dorsal organizer, and (6) increased bmp4 gradient, but reduced fgf3/fgf8 marginal gradient, during gastrulation. Interestingly, overexpression of fgf3 could rescue the cranial cartilage defects caused by myf5-MO1, suggesting that Myf5 modulates craniofacial cartilage development through the fgf3 signaling pathway. Together, the loss of Myf5 function results in a cascade effect that begins with abnormal formation of the dorsal organizer during gastrulation, causing, in turn, defects in the CNC and cranial cartilage of myf5-knockdown embryos.

Tensile Forces Applied on a Cell-Embedded Three-Dimensional Scaffold Can Direct Early Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells Toward the Mesoderm Germ Layer

“…31 Extensive upregulation (11.64-fold) in the expression of Myf5, which plays a key role both in regulating muscle differentiation and in the early stages of embryogenesis, was observed. 32 BRACH-T upregulation detected by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was further corroborated by the results of the microarray analysis, which measured a 2.63-fold upregulation in its expression levels.…”

MS-222 short exposure induces developmental and behavioural alterations in zebrafish embryos

“…Changes in the expression of non-canonical proteins (down and up-regulation) inhibit morphogenetic movements during gastrulation [70]. In addition, Wnt signals control the expression of myogenic regulatory factors such as myf5 [71], a myogenic regulatory factor required for the correct craniofacial cartilage development in zebrafish embryos [72]. The expression of myf5 can be blocked by inhibiting Wnt signaling [73], thus, leading to the disruption of cranial cartilage development with several defective cranial cartilages [72] similar to those observed in this study.…”

Genome-Wide Epigenomic Stress Response in the European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax, L.)

“…ROBO3 is involved in the immune response, but also implied in early neurogenesis [178], as well as NPAS3 [179]. With BMP3 [180], FURIN [181]; NOL4B [182], and Myf5 [183,184], most of these genes are engaged in the development of the anterior region and/or the craniofacial skeleton which is modi ed during sea bass farming [83]. This suggests that methylation patterns observed in sea bass could also potentially rely on the ontogenetic regulation of a particular phenotype between pre-and post-stress sh, rather than being directly related to the stress challenge.…”