Normal ocular flora in newborns delivered in two hospital centers in Argentina and Paraguay

Eder, M.; Fariña, Norma; Sanabria, R; Ta, Christopher N.; Koss, Michael; Samudio, Margarita; Cuevas, Cristina; Gines, Andrés; Simancas, Manuel; Klauß, Volker; Kaspar, Herminia Miño de

doi:10.1007/s00417-004-1096-3

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A birth through a cesarean section was examined for bacteria immediately after birth. However, S. epidermidis, E. coli, and S. aureus were observed most frequently in conjunctival swabs made 2 days later (31)(32)(33). In another study evaluating conjunctival lid swabs of children aged 8-14 years, the culture positivity was found to be 36% in conjunctival swabs and 54% in valvular swabs, suggesting that the composition resembled that in adults (34).…”

Section: Age-microbiota Associationmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Ocular Microbiota

Ayyıldız¹

2017

Med J Islamic World Acad Sci

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SUMMARYOne of the most prominent of recent developments is the understanding of human microbiota. Microbiota is a group of microbes settled in a specific area, while microbial describes the total genome of these bacteria. The 10 trillion germs, equivalent to 10 times the total number of cells in the human body, live only in the intestines. The ocular surface is in constant contact with the external environment and has been shown to have a unique flora. The diversity, detection methods, and influence of this fluorophore on ocular immunity, personality, and extrinsic factors have been investigated and improved. Specific treatment of patients, planning of systemic and topical antibiotics, and perhaps ocular flora transplantation are the aims of future studies.

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Section: Age-microbiota Associationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The evaluation of the conjunctival culture samples taken immediately after birth of the newborns revealed that the bacterial composition was similar to that of the cervix (31)(32)(33). A birth through a cesarean section was examined for bacteria immediately after birth.…”

Section: Age-microbiota Associationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Microbiota

Ayyıldız¹

2017

Med J Islamic World Acad Sci

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“…1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 These studies have demonstrated that the microbial flora of the maternal vagina affected the flora in the early period in babies delivered via spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD). 5 , 6 , 7 During SVD, the newborn contacts maternal vaginal flora and secretions 7 ; as a result of this, following the contact of the newborn and the saprophyte and/or pathogen bacteria present in the vaginal flora, newborn conjunctival flora emerges or newborn conjunctivitis develops. 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 8 In various studies, S taphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) was detected as the most common agent isolated from bacterial conjunctivitis of newborns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 5 , 6 , 7 During SVD, the newborn contacts maternal vaginal flora and secretions 7 ; as a result of this, following the contact of the newborn and the saprophyte and/or pathogen bacteria present in the vaginal flora, newborn conjunctival flora emerges or newborn conjunctivitis develops. 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 8 In various studies, S taphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) was detected as the most common agent isolated from bacterial conjunctivitis of newborns. 3 , 4 , 8 , 9 , 10 Prophylactic topical eye drops are used in many developing countries to prevent newborn conjunctivitis, whereas they are no longer used in developed countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The newborn conjunctival flora at the post delivery 24 hours

Kara

Kıvanç

Olcaysu

et al. 2018

Journal of Current Ophthalmology

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PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the aerobic conjunctival flora of neonates and the effects of delivery type on conjunctival flora development in neonates who were born with normal spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) or elective caesarean section (C/S) and who were not given prophylactic antibiotic eye drops after birth.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 95 healthy newborns. One day after the delivery, conjunctival samples were taken from newborns who were born with normal SVD or elective C/S, and not given prophylactic antibiotic eye drops after birth. Newborns with conjunctival hyperemia and discharge were excluded from study. Samples were plated in blood agar, EMB, and chocolate agar. These cultures were incubated at 37 °C for 24–48 h. Antibiotic sensitivity was evaluated using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.ResultsStaphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) growth was observed in 7 (70%) and coagulase negative staphylococcus (CNS) growth in 2 (20%) out of 10 eyes with bacterial growth in 9 culture positive newborns born with C/S. Two S.aureus strains were resistant to methicillin. On the other hand, CNS growth was observed in the conjunctival cultures of 17 out of 19 eyes with bacterial growth in 16 culture positive newborns born with SVD. In 2 eyes with CNS growth, there was also S.aureus growth. The positive cultures for S.aureus were significantly higher in the conjunctival cultures of neonates born with C/S compared to neonates born with SVD, where CNS growth was significantly lower (P = 0.002). All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin, and gatifloxacin. Two isolates were resistant to methicillin.ConclusionsIn deliveries with C/S, the newborn does not contact the vagina. This may result in changes of bacterial characteristic of the flora. Culture positivity for S.aureus was higher in C/S compared to SVD, which may be important in case neonatal conjunctivitis develops.

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The Cultivable Bacteria of the Human Eye

Shivaji

2022

Human Ocular Microbiome

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Normal ocular flora in newborns delivered in two hospital centers in Argentina and Paraguay

Abstract: The most common conjunctival bacteria in newborns delivered by either vaginal birth or C-section were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. The proportion of positive conjunctival cultures was higher for infants delivered vaginally than for C-section delivery.

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

Ocular Microbiota

Ocular Microbiota

The newborn conjunctival flora at the post delivery 24 hours

The Cultivable Bacteria of the Human Eye

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