Normal Penile, Scrotal, and Perineal Anatomy with Reconstructive Considerations

Dwyer, Moira E.; Salgado, Christopher J.; Lightner, Deborah J.

doi:10.1055/s-0031-1281487

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The fibrous layer called the tunica albuginea is a dense fibro‐elastic sheath that encloses both cavernosa and is fused in the midline between them (Figure ). This layer incorporates a stratum composed of longitudinally orientated fibres that attach onto the pubic rami and a circular layer that contributes to the septum between the cavernosa . It is considered to be the toughest fascia in the body and the most important in the definition of a penile fracture.…”

Section: Anatomy Of the Penismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Buck fascia envelops the three corporal bodies and is a continuation of the deep perineal fascia, the external spermatic fascia of the scrotum, and the penile suspensory ligament . It also assists in attaching the base of the penis onto the pelvic rami and the fascia of the perineal membrane …”

Section: Anatomy Of the Penismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Colles fascia is the collective name given to the layer of superficial connective tissue of the penis. Also referred to as the superficial dartos fascia, this areola mantle is located just deep to the skin surface and encloses the superficial perineal space, communicating with the scrotum and the perineum posteriorly . Anteriorly, the Colles fascia merges with the Scarpa fascia of the anterior abdominal wall .…”

Section: Anatomy Of the Penismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A simple fracture indicates that the skin and urethra are intact, as opposed to a compound fracture where both corpora cavernosa and the penile urethra are compromised . The clinical appearance of the anatomy can give an initial indication as to the severity of penile injury with five main appearances used to describe the presence of a likely penile defect—eggplant deformity, rolling sign, butterfly pattern ecchymosis, anterior abdominal wall haematoma, and bleeding from the penile meatus …”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Penile Fracturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Butterfly ecchymosis is associated with a more severe defect and is indicative of a disruption to the Buck fascia, allowing haematoma to extravasate around an intact Colles fascia . The disruption of the Buck fascia allows for the formation of a perineal haematoma and is characterised by a butterfly pattern of bruising . As the Colles fascia encloses the superficial perineal space, disturbance of this layer manifests in a haematoma extending into the anterior abdominal wall and the scrotum …”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Penile Fracturementioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of penile fracture

Napier

2018

Sonography

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Although considered a relatively rare occurrence, penile fracture is nonetheless a urological emergency. The importance of correctly identifying this pathology is essential when the long‐term sequelae of a delayed or misdiagnosis are considered. Due to the stigma attached to this entity, it is assumed that its true incidence remains underreported, and as such, literature on the sonographic evaluation of penile fracture is rendered to be relatively scarce. The consequence of such an unusual referral means that there is a gap in knowledge when it comes to attaining an accurate ultrasound diagnosis. This article will review the anatomy of the penis, the pathophysiology contributing to penile fracture, and how an inherent understanding of both is vital to the accurate sonographic grading of different fracture types. Although penile fracture is still considered a clinical diagnosis, ultrasound provides critical information in atypical or equivocal cases whereby multiple differential diagnoses cannot be excluded. The possibility of an incorrect diagnosis based on inconclusive historical and clinical findings therefore highlights not only the important role of ultrasound in the facilitation of prompt surgical intervention but also its contribution to a favourable patient outcome by way of correct management.

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Section: Anatomy Of the Penismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anatomy Of the Penismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anatomy Of the Penismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathophysiology Of Penile Fracturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathophysiology Of Penile Fracturementioning

confidence: 99%

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