Normal Standards for Lung Volumes, Intrapulmonary Gas-mixing, and Maximum Breathing Capacity

Needham, C. D.; Rogan, Mary C.; McDonald, Ian A.

doi:10.1136/thx.9.4.313

Cited by 274 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…There are three explanations which could account for the observed mean RV of the nonobstructed miners being significantly greater than both the predicted RV and the RV of the controls. First, the characteristics of the population included in the study may differ from the Scottish subjects that Needham, Rogan, and McDonald (1954) (Hogg, Mackleim, and Thurlbeck, 1968). The demonstration by Macklem and Mead (1967) that more than 80% of the total airways resistance resides in the proximal airways provides an explanation for this anomaly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperinflation of the lungs in coal miners

Morgan¹,

Burgess²,

Lapp³

et al. 1971

Thorax

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperinflation of the lungs in coal miners

Morgan¹,

Burgess²,

Lapp³

et al. 1971

Thorax

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“…It should be noted that this formula requires a figure for the residual volume. In the present series this was determined by a standard closed-circuit technique, but in circumstances where this is not possible a normal value may be obtained from tables (Needham, Rogan & McDonald, 1954) or an approximate experimental value may be found by means of the box-bag (Carey et al 1957).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Breath‐holding’ measurement of carbon monoxide diffusing capacity. Comparison of a field test with steadystate and other methods of measurement

Shephard¹

1958

The Journal of Physiology

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decided to investigate the potentialities of the breath-holding method as a portable field test. A special version of the portable box-bag with enlarged bellows and electric kymograph was developed for this purpose, and the opportunity was taken to make (1) a critical examination of certain variables affecting the breath-holding technique, and (2) a comparison of the consistency of breath-holding results with other methods, field and laboratory, for the measurement of pulmonary diffusing capacity. METHODSPortable breath-holding apparatus. A standard portable box-bag has been modified by the fitting of a larger bellows (4.5 1. capacity) and high-speed electric kymograph. The apparatus is still highly portable, weighing no.more than 5-5 kg, although it has been necessary to increase the vertical height to about 80 cm. The technique is essentially that of Forster et al. (1954). The patient takes a few normal breaths from the outer compartment of the box. As soon as a steady respiratory level is reached he is asked to make a maximum expiration, and then inspires the test mixture (12 % He and 0.1 % CO in air) from the inspirate bag. After breath-holding, the subject makes a rapid, deep expiration, all but the first 750 ml. being collected in the expirate bag. After mixing with a 100 ml. glass syringe, samples are returned to the laboratory in special sampling bottles (Carey et al. 1957) for He and CO analysis. The standard formula (Ogilvie et al. 1957) is

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“…In physically intact individuals, VC plateaus at 19 years of age and then decreases at a rate of 1 ± 1.2% per year. 29 In patients with neuromuscular disease, VC has been shown to decline at an ever faster rate. 30 In our study, an obvious decline in VC occurred after approximately 10 years post injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vital capacity in tetraplegics twenty years and beyond

2001

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Objectives: To observe the trends in vital capacity (VC) over time in tetraplegics 20 years and more after injury, the e ects of age at injury, severity of injury and gender on this trend. Methods: The medical records of all spinal cord injured persons admitted to a regional spinal injury center from January 1960 to December 1996 were reviewed. Fifty-seven patients had documented post-rehabilitation VC (mean 1.3+1.1 years) and VC at 10 (mean 11.8+2.69) and 20 (20.60+2.67) years post injury and beyond. Results: The mean age at injury was 23.2+9.1 years. Severity of injury when classi®ed according the system proposed by Coll et al were: Group 1: C1 ± 4 Frankel A injury: 11.6%, Group 2: C5 ± 8 Frankel A injury: 55.6%, Group 3: C2 ± 8 Frankel B and C: 29.8% and Group 4: C2 ± 8 Frankel D: 3.5% respectively. The mean VC at initial, 10 and 20 years post injury was 2586+948, 2803+940 and 2525+818 cc respectively. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that there was signi®cant di erence in VC over a 20 year period, (F(2,54)=8.43, P50.05). The di erence between VC at 10 years and VC at 20 years accounted for the 19.8% of the variance in VC over time (F(1,55)=12.35, P50.05). Age at injury, gender and severity of injury did not have a signi®cant in¯uence on the rate of decline in VC. Analysis of a subset of 26 patients who were followed up more than 20 years post injury (range 22 to 34.5 years) revealed similar,

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Normal Standards for Lung Volumes, Intrapulmonary Gas-mixing, and Maximum Breathing Capacity

Cited by 274 publications

References 23 publications

Hyperinflation of the lungs in coal miners

Hyperinflation of the lungs in coal miners

‘Breath‐holding’ measurement of carbon monoxide diffusing capacity. Comparison of a field test with steadystate and other methods of measurement

Vital capacity in tetraplegics twenty years and beyond

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