Normal-Tissue Effects of Irradiation for Kaposi�s Sarcoma/AIDS1

Hypothyroidism after 3‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity‐modulated radiotherapy for head and neck cancers: Prospective data from 2 randomized controlled trials

“…The tolerance dose (TD) defined as TD 5/5 is the dose of radiation that could cause not more than 5% severe complication rates within 5 years after treatment. For the thyroid, it is considered 20 Gy when all or part of the gland is irradiated with conventional fractionation . Emami et al reported values of TD 8/5, TD 13/5, and TD 35/5 for whole thyroid irradiation as 45, 60, and 70 Gy, respectively, for the endpoint of clinical hypothyroidism.…”

Lung cancer, a new challenge in the HIV-infected population

“…Severe adverse effects had previously been reported after thoracic radiotherapy for Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV-infected patients [65,66]. Possible explanations included reduced mucosal repair capacities [67][68][69], notably due to glutathione antioxidant deficiency [70,71]; and concurrent opportunistic esophageal infections (yeasts, herpesvirus, CMV, cryptococci) [72,73].…”

HIV and Lung Cancer

“…(Chak et al, 1988, Cooper et al, 1984 The mechanism of the more severe mucositis is considered to be related to decreased mucosal restoration due to a shortage of glutathione antioxidant (Buhl et al, 1989, Vallis, 1991 or to be related to OIs (Fungi, Candida species, herpes, cytomegalovirus, and Cryptococcus infections). (Boal et al, 1979, Rodriguez et al, 1989 In the patient with good PS or without weight loss, unresectable locoregionally advanced NSCLC or limited-disease SCLC, the standard of care is concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The 3-year survival rate in unresectable locoregionally advanced NSCLC is around 10% with radiotherapy alone, and at present, the 3-year survival rate improves by more than 25% with concurrent platinum-based chemoradiotherapy.…”