Normal Values of Isokinetic Maximum Strength, the Strength/Velocity Curve, and the Angle at Peak Torque of All Degrees of Freedom in the Shoulder

Abstract

Many acute and chronic complaints in the shoulder joint are due to a reduced active stabilization capacity. Procedures to measure isokinetic strength are used to objectify the muscle deficits and imbalances of various muscle groups. In this study, standard values and reference ranges were determined for peak torque (PT), strength/velocity curve, and range of motion (ROM) at peak torque in the shoulder in 19 untrained women and 32 men. Differentiation was made by the individual degrees of freedom of the shoulder joint and the various types of work (concentric, isometric, eccentric). Moreover, the influence of height, body weight, and body mass index on isokinetic maximum strength development was investigated. It was found that it is necessary to distinguish between the various movements and types of work in development of peak torque. A decrease in maximum strength is observed in the sequence extension, adduction/flexion, abduction/internal rotation, external rotation. The maximum strength of men was determined to be higher than that in women. ROM shows a wide fluctuation and does not possess high validity. Height, as well as body weight and body mass index have only slight influence on the isokinetic maximum strength in the shoulder of untrained men and women.

Effects of resistance training on strength, pain and shoulder functionality in paraplegics

“…Collectively, normal values in this and previous studies show strength development within the standard limits for the SCI population. 16 We confirmed that our 8-week training programme had positive effects on isometric strength and improved all movements tested. However, isokinetic tests showed the specificity of the resistance training programme used; that is because improvements were made in external and internal rotation for both speeds, but only at 1801 Á s À1 in adduction and internal rotation.…”

Assessment of agonist–antagonist shoulder torque ratios in individuals with paraplegia: a new interpretative approach

“…13 In addition, at the shoulder, the joint angle where the peak torque is generated has been found to be difficult to reproduce between tests. 14,15 Interests of the angle subgroup agonist-antagonist torque ratios A new interpretative approach of the torque ratios between shoulder agonist and antagonist muscle groups is proposed in the current study. In addition to the F/E and Ab/Ad peak torque ratios, the F/E and Ab/Ad torque ratios were evaluated over the entire selected range of motion to refine their interpretation.…”

Isokinetic Muscle Strength after Thoracotomy: Standard vs. Muscle-Sparing Posterolateral Thoracotomy

“…Muscle strength can be measured during isometric, isotonic and isokinetic contractions. Peak torque is the maximum value of muscle strength [3,10]. During the design of the study, we noted that muscle strength can be measured by two different methods: using a manual muscle test or an isokinetic dynamometer.…”