Normal variation in body fat and its inheritance

McCarthy, Jean

doi:10.1007/978-1-349-04201-2_1

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In our study, when the patterns of food intake were corrected for regular oscillations, the underlying patterns in all groups were such that food intake increased until about 50 weeks of age and then declined at a constant rate until the experiments were terminated at approximately 2 years of age. In contrast to this, the patterns of food intake in mice, rats, pigs and poultry (Parks, 1970 andMcCarthy, 1979) have generally shown that food intake increased to a mature food intake, according to the equation of diminishing returns. More recently, Blaxter, Fowler and Gill (1982) reported that for sheep, food intake increased to a maximum level early in life, which after adjustment for seasonal variation, remained constant from 1 to 4 years of age.…”

Section: Merinomentioning

confidence: 83%

Food intake, growth and mature size in Australian Merino and Dorset horn sheep

Thompson

Parks

1983

Anim. Sci.

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The pattern of food intake as a function of age, and live weight as a function of food consumed was examined from soon after weaning to maturity in groups of fine and strong wool Merino rams and Dorset Horn rams and wethers. Each group, which initially comprised 20 sheep and from which individuals were removed for slaughter at approximately 6-kg increments in live weight, was fed a pelleted ration ad libitum for 98 and 77 weeks for the Merino and Dorset Horn groups respectively.The pattern of food intake was similar for all groups of sheep, in that food intake increased to a maximum at approximately 50 weeks of age and then declined with age with a regular oscillation superimposed on this curve. In all three groups of rams, but not in the Dorset Horn wethers, the oscillations in food intake were on an approximate annual cycle with a decrease in food intake in summer and an increase in winter.Estimated mature live weights for the strong and fine wool Merino rams were 120-5 and 97-6 kg, and for the Dorset Horn rams and wethers 108-6 and 101-4 kg. Variation between breeds in the level of food intake, food efficiency and consequently the pattern of growth, was largely a function of mature size. The Dorset Horn rams were slightly more efficient at converting food to live weight than the wethers.

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Section: Merinomentioning

confidence: 83%

Food intake, growth and mature size in Australian Merino and Dorset horn sheep

Thompson

Parks

1983

Anim. Sci.

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“…Understanding the genetic control of body compositional differences among selected lines is essential for determining the physiological basis of growth (McC arthy 1979; M alik 1984). Information about genetic effects on body compositional traits also is important when evaluating methods for optimum use of lines or breeds in crossbreeding programs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results for W + , L + and L − W + were unexpected because each line had positive correlated responses in body weight and feed consumption (H örstgen ‐S chwark et al 1984a). A few selection studies for rapid growth rate in rodents have yielded negligible correlated response in fat content (F owler 1958; L ang and L egates 1969; B aker and C hapman 1975), but most reports have shown positive correlated responses (see review by McC arthy 1979). However, in a line of mice selected for 4 to 6 week weight gain, males had a lower fat content than controls while females had a higher fat content (S walve 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genetic differences in body composition, particularly in fat percent, are well documented for lines of mice selected divergently for body weight or growth rate (McC arthy 1979, 1982; M alik 1984). Little information exists on body composition of crosses among lines selected for large and small body size, however, and a paucity of data is available on body composition involving lines selected for reproductive traits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diallel cross among lines of mice selected for litter size and body weight: Body composition traits¹

Eisen

Hörstgen‐Schwark

Bandy

et al. 1985

J Animal Breeding Genetics

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Summary A diallel design was used to estimate genetic effects on body composition in five lines of mice and reciprocal F1 crosses. The five lines were L+, selected for large litter size at birth; W+, selected for large 6‐week body weight; L+W−, selected for large litter size and small 6‐week body weight; L−W+, selected for small litter size and large 6‐week body weight; and K, selected randomly. Percentages of fat, protein and ash were estimated in 6‐week‐old males by near‐infrared reflectance spectrophotometry (NIR). Fat percent was also predicted by a multiple regression equation (EW) based on body water percent and epididymal fat pad weight as a percent of empty body weight. Ranking of crosses was the same for NIR and EW fat percent estimates (r = 0.92, P < 0.01), but considerable change in rank was detected among individuals within crosses (r = 0.70, P < 0.01). Average direct genetic differences among lines in body composition were larger than average maternal genetic differences. Correlated responses were largest for fat percent, but even these were relatively small. Small negative correlated responses in fat percent, attributed primarily to average direct genetic effects, were found in each selected line. Lines L−W+ and L+W− had negative correlated responses in protein percent, while W+ and L+ showed no change. No correlated responses in ash percent were detected. Magnitude of direct heterosis for fat and protein percent varied among crosses. Heterosis for fat percent generally was in an unfavorable direction. Heterosis for protein percent was smaller than for fat percent without an indication of positive or negative trend, whereas heterosis for ash percent was negligible. Résumé Croisement diallèle entre lignées de souris sélectionées pour grandeur de la portée et poids du corps: composition du corps Un projet experimental diallèle a été utilisé pour estimer les effets génétiques sur la composition du corps en 5 lignes de souris et croisements réciprogques F1. Les 5 lignes étaient L+, sélectionnée pour grande portée à la naissance, W+, sélectionnée pour poids du corps élevé a 6 semaines, L+W−, sélectionée pour grande portée et poids du corps faible à 6 semaines, L−W+, sélectionnée pour petite portée et poids du corps élevée à 6 semaines, et K, sélection au hazard. Pourcentages de graisse, protéine et cendre ont été estimés chez des males de 6 semaines par spectrophotométrie reflétant l'infrarouge (NIR). Le pourcentage de graisse (EW) a été également estimé par une équation de regression multiple basée sur le pourcentage de l'eau corporelle et sur le poids de la graisse épididymale en pourcent du poid vide. Le rang des croisements pour les estimations du pourcentage de graisse par NIR et EW etaient identiques (r = 0,92, P < 0,01), mais un changement de rang considérable a été trouvée entre animaux au sein de meme croisements (r = 0,7, P < 0,01). Les différences génétiques directes moyennes de composition du corps entre les lignes étaient plus grandes que les différences génétiques maternelles moyennes. Les ...

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“…Most of the triacylglycerol stored in the body of an animal is deposited in identifiable fat depots. These fat depots grow at different rates as the animal ages and increases in weight (McCarthy 1979;Broad and Davies 1980). Insulin is known to accelerate fat deposition and stimulate the growth of adipose tissues in rodents and man (Hausberger 1965;Mendel 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of Glucose into Lipid of Perirenal and Subcutaneous Adipocytes of Rats and Sheep: Influence of Insulin

Broad¹,

Sedcole²,

Ngan³

1983

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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Adipocytes were prepared by collagenase digestion of perirenal and subcutaneous fat from rats and sheep and were incubated in vitro with various concentrations of glucose and insulin. The lipogenic rate of perirenal and subcutaneous adipocytes of rats showed a quadratic response to glucose concentration. The addition of 10 nM insulin increased lipogenesis, especially at low lipogenic rates. At constant glucose concentrations, insulin concentrations up to 50 nM stimulated lipogenesis a similar amount in adipocytes from both depots. The rate of lipogenesis increased relative to cell volume in perirenal adipocytes only. The lipogenic rate of perirenal and subcutaneous adipocytes of sheep showed a positive linear response to glucose concentration, but insulin did not affect the rate of lipogenesis in adipocytes from either depot. In both rats and sheep, the rate of lipogenesis was higher in the perirenal adipocytes. It was concluded that insulin is unlikely to be the agent responsible for the differential growth rates of subcutaneous and perirenal fat depots in rats or sheep.

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Normal variation in body fat and its inheritance

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Food intake, growth and mature size in Australian Merino and Dorset horn sheep

Food intake, growth and mature size in Australian Merino and Dorset horn sheep

Diallel cross among lines of mice selected for litter size and body weight: Body composition traits¹

Incorporation of Glucose into Lipid of Perirenal and Subcutaneous Adipocytes of Rats and Sheep: Influence of Insulin

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Normal variation in body fat and its inheritance

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Food intake, growth and mature size in Australian Merino and Dorset horn sheep

Food intake, growth and mature size in Australian Merino and Dorset horn sheep

Diallel cross among lines of mice selected for litter size and body weight: Body composition traits1

Incorporation of Glucose into Lipid of Perirenal and Subcutaneous Adipocytes of Rats and Sheep: Influence of Insulin

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Diallel cross among lines of mice selected for litter size and body weight: Body composition traits¹