Normal‐weight obesity and cardiometabolic risk: A 7‐year longitudinal study in girls from prepuberty to early adulthood

Wiklund, Petri; Törmäkangas, Timo; Shi, Yi; Wu, Na; Vainionpää, Aki; Alén, Markku; Cheng, Sulin

doi:10.1002/oby.21838

Cited by 50 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Others have reported that normal weight children who present with cardiometabolic risk factors have higher adiposity levels [30]. Similarly, a longitudinal study of girls followed into young adulthood reported that BMI-defined normal weight girls who had a higher percent body fat mass were more likely to develop cardiometabolic risk factors compared to those with a normal weight and a lower percent body fat mass [31]. In adults, it was also shown that NWMU women have a higher percentage of body fat [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Determinants of new onset cardiometabolic risk among normal weight children

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective To identify determinants for the development of "normal weight metabolically unhealthy" (NWMU) profiles among previously metabolically healthy normal weight children. Methods The QUALITY cohort comprises youth 8-10 years of age with a parental history of obesity (n = 630). Of these, normal weight children with no metabolic risk factors were identified and followed up 2 years later (n = 193). Children were classified as NWMU if they remained normal weight but developed at least one cardiometabolic risk factor. They were classified as normal weight metabolically healthy otherwise. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify whether adiposity (anthropometrics and DXA), lifestyle habits (physical activity, screen time, vegetables, and fruit-and sugar-sweetened beverages intake), fitness, and family history of cardiometabolic disease were associated with new onset NWMU. Results Of the 193 normal weight and metabolically healthy children at baseline, 45 (23%) became NWMU 2 years later (i.e., 48% had elevated HDL cholesterol, 13% had elevated triglycerides, and 4% had impaired fasting glucose). Changes in adiposity between baseline and follow-up were associated with an increased risk of NWMU for all adiposity measures examined (e.g., for ΔzBMI OR = 3.95; 95% CI: 1.76, 8.83). Similarly, a 2-year change in screen time was associated with incident NWMU status (OR = 1.24; 95% CI 1.04, 1.49). Conclusions Children who increase their adiposity levels as they enter puberty, despite remaining normal weight, are at risk of developing cardiometabolic risk factors. Studies examining long-term consequences of NWMU profiles in pediatrics are needed to determine whether changes in screening practice are warranted.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Determinants of new onset cardiometabolic risk among normal weight children

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The high prevalence of NWO in both male and female students was in contrast to a Swiss study in adults (aged 35–75 years), which showed a much lower prevalence of NWO of only 5.4% in women and less than 3% in men [ 37 ]. However, in a Finnish study of young women (mean age = 18 years), the prevalence of NWO was estimated to be 39.0% [ 38 , 39 ]. Our results concerning the prevalence of NWO in women were similar to a study of normal weight central obesity in South Africa [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal weight obesity and physical fitness in Chinese university students: an overlooked association

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe primary aim of this study was to examine the associations of normal weight obesity (NWO) with physical fitness in Chinese university students. As a secondary aim, we assessed whether possible differences in physical fitness between students classified as NWO and normal weight non-obese (NWNO) were mediated by skeletal muscles mass.MethodsA total of 383 students (205 males and 178 females, aged 18–24 years) from two universities volunteered to participate in this study. Body height and weight were measured by standard procedures and body composition was assessed by bio-impedance analysis (InBody 720). NWO was defined by a BMI of 18.5–23.9 kg/m2 and a body fat percentage of > 20% or > 30% in male and female students, respectively. Physical fitness was measured using a 10-min intermittent endurance running test (Andersen test), countermovement jumps (CMJ) and a 5 × 5 m shuttle run test (5mSR). The level of leisure time physical activity (PA) was assessed by a questionnaire.Results13.7% of male and 27.5% of female students were classified as NWO. Compared to NWNO, students classified as NWO showed a significantly poorer performance in the Andersen test (males: 1146 ± 70 m vs. 1046 ± 95 m, females: 968 ± 61 m vs. 907 ± 67 m, p < 0.001), CMJ (males: 55.0 ± 7.6 cm vs. 44.9 ± 7.5 cm, females: 39.8 ± 8.0 cm vs. 33.7 ± 5.9 cm, p < 0.001) and 5mSR (males: 18.7 ± 1.0 s vs. 20.0 ± 0.9 s, females: 21.1 ± 1.1 s vs. 22.4 ± 1.3 s, p < 0.001), respectively. The lower levels of physical fitness in NWO were partially explained by lower skeletal muscle mass (p < 0.001) both in male and female students.ConclusionsNWO was associated with poorer physical fitness and the relationship was partially mediated by lower skeletal muscle mass. The study indicated that attention should be paid for the potential hidden health risk in university students with normal body mass index but excessive fat mass.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-6238-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

“…Moreover, low grade chronic whole body inflammation, measured by high Hs-CRP, was detected in adolescents with a high body fat %, as previously described in obese adolescents [ 15 , 16 ]. Collectively, these data indicate that these girls with a BMI <85th percentile and a high body fat % have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease [ 14 , 35 , 36 ] as recently described in a Finish seven-year longitudinal study in children and adolescent girls with normal BMI, but high body fat % [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Obesity-Related Metabolic Risk in Sedentary Hispanic Adolescent Girls with Normal BMI

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hispanic adolescent girls with normal BMI frequently have high body fat %. Without knowledge of body fat content and distribution, their risk for metabolic complications is unknown. We measured metabolic risk indicators and abdominal fat distribution in post-pubertal Hispanic adolescent girls with Normal BMI (N-BMI: BMI < 85th percentile) and compared these indicators between girls with Normal BMI and High Fat content (N-BMI-HF: body fat ≥ 27%; n = 15) and Normal BMI and Normal Fat content (N-BMI-NF: body fat < 27%; n = 8). Plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, adiponectin, leptin and Hs-CRP were determined. Insulin resistance was calculated using an oral glucose tolerance test. Body fat % was measured by DXA and subcutaneous, visceral and hepatic fat by MRI/MRS. The N-BMI-HF girls had increased abdominal and hepatic fat content and increased insulin resistance, plasma leptin and Hs-CRP concentrations (p < 0.05) as compared to their N-BMI-NF counterparts. In N-BMI girls, insulin resistance, plasma insulin and leptin correlated with BMI and body fat % (p < 0.05). This research confirms the necessity of the development of BMI and body fat % cut-off criteria per sex, age and racial/ethnic group based on metabolic risk factors to optimize the effectiveness of metabolic risk screening procedures.

show abstract

Normal‐weight obesity and cardiometabolic risk: A 7‐year longitudinal study in girls from prepuberty to early adulthood

Cited by 50 publications

References 38 publications

Determinants of new onset cardiometabolic risk among normal weight children

Determinants of new onset cardiometabolic risk among normal weight children

Normal weight obesity and physical fitness in Chinese university students: an overlooked association

Obesity-Related Metabolic Risk in Sedentary Hispanic Adolescent Girls with Normal BMI

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About