Normalization of endometrial histopathology and endometrial NK cells concentration predict successful pregnancy in repeated implantation failure

Abstract

Objective: The primary objective was to establish the endometrial predictors of clinical pregnancy in a population of repeated implantation failure with oocyte donation after specific endometrial treatment. The secondary one was to evaluate reproduction outcomes in terms of Implantation rate (IR), Clinical pregnancy (CP), Live birth delivery rate (LBDR) and Prematurity, in relation to normalization or no-normalization of the predictors. Methods: 66 patients were assigned to the study. We ran a Pipelle endometrial biopsy to investigate the endometrium lymphocyte population by Flow Cytometry and abnormal/normal patterns by histopathology in pre/post-treatment. We employed the binary logistic regression model to identify the predictors for CP. For the secondary objective, we assessed the clinical outcomes in function to the normalization or no normalization in post-treatment. Results: Endometrial histopathology and endometrial NK cell counts resulted in CP predictors (Wald chi 2 test ( p =0.044 and 0.001)), respectively. We had a higher IR, CP and LBDR when both predictors were normalized in comparison with no normalization ( p <0.001). There was a high percentage of prematurity in both normalized vs. non-normalized groups (34.4% (11/32) and 71.43% (5/7), respectively) without significant differences. Conclusion: Endometrial histopathology and endometrial NK cell counts showed that they are valid predictors of pregnancy outcome in repeated implantation failure after treatment. In post-treatment, the pregnancy outcomes were significantly higher in the presence of both normalized predictors. Pregnancy rates were zero in the no-normalization of both predictors. There was a high percentage of prematurity in both groups.

Immunomodulation for unexplained recurrent implantation failure: where are we now?

“…This has several consequences including further pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion (Fig. 2b-2), inability to activate an appropriate early T reg response (Aluvihare et al 2004, Zenclussen et al 2005, Li et al 2017a Tersoglio et al 2021). These NK cells exhibit altered embryo biosensing, inability to contribute to vascular remodeling or endometrial regeneration necessary for embryo implantation (Wang et al 2021b) (Fig.…”