Normalization rate and cellular localization of phosphatidylethanol in whole blood from chronic alcoholics

Quantification of phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1, 18:1/18:1, and 16:0/16:0 in venous blood and venous and capillary dried blood spots from patients in alcohol withdrawal and control volunteers

“…Other PEths detected are PEth 18:1/18:1 and PEth 18:0/18:2 (identical molecular masses), together accounting for about 11-12% of total PEths [6,7] while PEth 16:0/16:0 accounts for about 5% [6]. The half-life of PEths in whole blood was calculated to be 4.0 ± 0.7 days [3]. In case of chronic/excessive alcohol consumption, PEths are detectable in blood up to 28 days after sobriety [10].…”

“…They are biomarkers of alcohol consumption [2] present in blood, mainly located in erythrocytes [3], and in different organs [4]. Up to forty-eight different PEths have been detected in blood collected in autopsy cases of heavy drinkers [5].…”

“…Some publications reported other types of sample preparation, such as protein precipitation with methanol [18] or protein precipitation followed by an online-solid phase extraction [19]. A number of detection methods is based on HPLC with normal phase columns coupled to light-scattering detection (ELSD); chromatography has been carried out with hexane and propanol-based gradients containing acetic acid and triethylamine [3,4,11,12]. Quantification limits (LLOQ) obtained with these methods ranged between 100-500 ng/mL [4,11], analysing 250 to 300 µL of whole blood.…”

Application of phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in whole blood in comparison to ethyl glucuronide in hair (hEtG) in driving aptitude assessment (DAA)

“…The fatty acid chains typically contain 14 -22 carbon atoms with 0 -6 double bonds [15,16]. PEth homologues are present in cell membranes [17] and are biosynthesized from phosphatidylcholine (PC) catalyzed by the enzyme phospholipase D (PLD) [18], as long as ethanol is present in the organism. Due to an elimination half-life of about four days [17], accumulation of PEth is observed after repeated drinking.…”

“…PEth homologues are present in cell membranes [17] and are biosynthesized from phosphatidylcholine (PC) catalyzed by the enzyme phospholipase D (PLD) [18], as long as ethanol is present in the organism. Due to an elimination half-life of about four days [17], accumulation of PEth is observed after repeated drinking. Therefore, PEth has been discussed as marker for detection of prolonged excessive alcohol consumption in several studies [16,[19][20][21][22][23].…”