Normalized Relationships for Depth of Embedment of Sheet Pile Walls and Soldier Pile Walls in Cohesionless Soils

Gajan, Sivapalan

doi:10.3208/sandf.51.559

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Required embedded lengths of bored piles are calculated by using Eq. 1 depending on excavation height and shear strength angle () as given in Gajan (2011). In Eq.…”

Section: Determination Of the Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cantilever piles or well foundations in supporting temporary deep excavations: comparison of performance, safety and cost

Öser

Sargin

2022

Turkish Journal of Engineering

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Due to the increasing population in the metropolitans, the construction of the high-rise buildings and shopping malls etc. has rapidly increased for last three decades. Therefore, especially in the city centers, the area of the construction sites has become very limited. Moreover, the requirements such as high bearing capacity of the soils beneath the skyscrapers and the parking area for the vehicles makes the application of the deep excavations essential. It is well-known that designing both safe and economical retaining structures in cohessionless soils such as sands and gravels or silty-clayey mixtures of them is still a challenging issue in geotechnical engineering discipline. Under that circumstances, the construction of two types of the retaining structures frequently comes into the minds: cantilever piles and well foundations. These retaining systems should be designed not only to be resist against failure but also to meet safety requirements for existing buildings and infrastructures near the site until the active forces, which are induced by the soil mass, are supported by the structural elements of the superstructures. In addition to this, the horizontal deformations along the retaining structures should be less than the limits defined by the specifications and the structural codes. In this study, the performances and costs of the both cantilever piles and well foundations in different excavation heights are compared parametrically. For this purpose, a benchmark sandy soil profile given in the literature and the retaining systems are modeled in 2D by using finite elements method. Furthermore, in order to determine the internal forces based reinforced concrete design and the unit costs; a well-known commercial software is used. The promising results of this study could guide to the design engineers in practice for selecting safer and more economical systems within engineering judgment.

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“…Required embedded lengths of bored piles are calculated by using Eq. 1 depending on excavation height and shear strength angle () as given in Gajan (2011). In Eq.…”

Section: Determination Of the Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cantilever piles or well foundations in supporting temporary deep excavations: comparison of performance, safety and cost

Öser

Sargin

2022

Turkish Journal of Engineering

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“…For anchored sheet pile walls embedded in sandy soils, Hagerty and Nofal (1992) produced simplified design charts for normalized embedment depth and anchor strength. The embedment depths of sheet pile walls subjected to lateral linear stresses in cohesionless soils were estimated using normalized relationships by Choudry et al (2006) and Gajan (2011). Akan (2020), investigated the impact of the increment ratio of the theoretical depth of the wall on the maximum bending moment and anchor force of a single anchored sheet pile wall in the sand with varied internal friction angles when the groundwater level occurs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the Maximum Bending Moment of Cantilever Sheet Pile Walls by Using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis

Akan

2022

Mühendislik Bilimleri Ve Tasarım Dergisi

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Sheet pile walls are flexible retaining structures that are used to hold the horizontal soil pressures behind them, especially in situations that cause stress changes such as excavation. They are divided into two as cantilever and externally supported. Cantilever walls are used in excavations with a maximum depth of 6 meters and are supported by anchors in excavations deeper than this. Some of the values to be calculated in the design of cantilever sheet pile walls are the embedment depth and the maximum bending moment that(Mmax) will occur in the cross-section of the wall. There are various approaches in analytical methods that have complex calculation steps such as determining earth pressures, solving second and thirdorder equations. In this study, the Mmax that will occur in the cross-section of a cantilever sheet pile wall penetrates in the sand is estimated by the expressions obtained with the help of multiple linear regression(MLR) analysis. The results showed that the Mmax may not be achieved by only MLR models but with the help of polynomial equations.

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“…The single-soldier-pile walls are sometimes analyzed like sheet pile walls, although the structural components of both systems are different. In that condition, the selected type of the retaining system has to satisfy the force and moment equilibrium simultaneously [2]. Moreover, the free embedded cantilever walls are basically used to support relatively low heights of cohesionless soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relationship between the design and the excavation depth was also investigated. Gajan [2] studied both sheet pile and soldier pile walls penetrated into cohesionless soils and used Rankine earth pressure theory to determine the lateral pressures activated for active and passive states. Relationships were developed to calculate the depth of embedment in terms of nondimensional parameters that can be used for various soil conditions, pile dimensions, and depths of excavation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cantilever Soldier Pile Design: The Multiobjective Optimization of Cost and CO2 Emission via Pareto Front Analysis

et al. 2022

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In the context of this study, it is focused on the design of cantilever soldier piles under the concept of Pareto optimality with multiobjective analyses of cost and CO2 emission considering the change in the excavation depth, the shear strength parameters of the foundation soil strata, and the unit costs and unit emission amounts of structural materials. Considering this aim, the harmony search algorithm was used as a tool to achieve the integrated effects of the solution variants. The lateral response of the soil mass was determined based on the active Rankine earth pressure theory and the design process was shaped according to the beams on the elastic foundation soil assumption. Moreover, the specification envisaged by the American Concrete Institute (ACI 318-11) was used to control the structural requirements of the design. Pareto front graphs and also design charts were created to achieve the eco- and cost optimization, simultaneously, for the design with arbitrarily selected cases to compare the results of the multiobjective analysis to minimize both the cost and the CO2 emission.

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Normalized Relationships for Depth of Embedment of Sheet Pile Walls and Soldier Pile Walls in Cohesionless Soils

Cited by 18 publications

References 15 publications

Cantilever piles or well foundations in supporting temporary deep excavations: comparison of performance, safety and cost

Cantilever piles or well foundations in supporting temporary deep excavations: comparison of performance, safety and cost

Estimation of the Maximum Bending Moment of Cantilever Sheet Pile Walls by Using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis

Cantilever Soldier Pile Design: The Multiobjective Optimization of Cost and CO2 Emission via Pareto Front Analysis

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