Normalized Stokes operators for polarization correlations of entangled optical fields

Żukowski, Marek; Laskowski, Wiesław; Wieśniak, Marcin

doi:10.1103/physreva.95.042113

Cited by 22 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…The new condition turns out to be more robust with respect to photon losses, modeled in [1] by inefficient detectors. Generally, re-formulating the separability conditions with new Stokes operators enable a much better entanglement detection in case of BSV states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The new Stokes operators also allow to re-formulate any known entanglement conditions [1]. In case of the four-mode, BSV states, Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To this end, Ref. [1] introduces normalized Stokes operators. They are based on the ratios of the numbers of photons registered by one of the two detectors, to the number of photons counted by both detectors for a given run (not averages).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In case of the four-mode, BSV states, Ref. [1] reformulates an entanglement indicator of Ref. [4], which reads…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A new approach to the analysis of polarization correlations was introduced in [1]. It involves a nonconventional definition of Stokes parameters of quantum optical fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Entanglement Conditions Involving Intensity Correlations of Optical Fields: the Case of Multi-Port Interferometry

et al. 2017

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Normalized quantum Stokes operators introduced in Phys. Rev. A 95, 042113 (2017) enable one to better observe non-classical correlations of entangled states of optical fields with undefined photon numbers. For a given run of an experiment the new quantum Stokes operators are defined by the differences of the measured intensities (or photon numbers) at the exits of a polarizer divided by their sum. It is this ratio that is to be averaged, and not the numerator and the denominator separately, as it is in the conventional approach. The new approach allows to construct more robust entanglement indicators against photon-loss noise, which can detect entangled optical states in situations in which witnesses using standard Stokes operators fail. Here we show an extension of this approach beyond phenomena linked with polarization. We discuss EPR-like experiments involving correlations produced by optical beams in a multi-mode bright squeezed vacuum state. EPR-inspired entanglement conditions for all prime numbers of modes are presented. The conditions are much more resistant to noise due to photon loss than similar ones which employ standard Glauber-like intensity, correlations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The new Stokes operators also allow to re-formulate any known entanglement conditions [1]. In case of the four-mode, BSV states, Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In case of the four-mode, BSV states, Ref. [1] reformulates an entanglement indicator of Ref. [4], which reads…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A new approach to the analysis of polarization correlations was introduced in [1]. It involves a nonconventional definition of Stokes parameters of quantum optical fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Entanglement Conditions Involving Intensity Correlations of Optical Fields: the Case of Multi-Port Interferometry

et al. 2017

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Mesoscopic and macroscopic quantum correlations in photonic, atomic and optomechanical systems

Teh

Rosales-Zárate

Drummond

et al. 2023

Progress in Quantum Electronics

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Simplified quantum optical Stokes observables and Bell’s theorem

Schlichtholz

Woloncewicz

Żukowski

2022

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We discuss a simplified form of Stokes operators for quantum optical fields that involve the known concept of binning. Behind polarization analyzer photon numbers (more generally intensities) are measured. We have two outputs, say, for horizontal and vertical polarization. If the value obtained in horizontal output is greater than in vertical one we put 1. Otherwise, we put − 1. For equal photon numbers, we put 0. Such observables do not have all properties of the Stokes operators, but can be employed in Bell type measurements, involving polarization analyzers. They are especially handy for states of undefined number of photons, e.g. squeezed vacuum and their realisation is intuitive. We show that our observables can lead to quite robust violations of associated Bell inequalities. We formulate a strongly supported numerically conjecture that one can observe with this approach violations of local realism for the four mode squeezed vacuum for all pumping powers (i.e. gain values).

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Normalized Stokes operators for polarization correlations of entangled optical fields

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Entanglement Conditions Involving Intensity Correlations of Optical Fields: the Case of Multi-Port Interferometry

Entanglement Conditions Involving Intensity Correlations of Optical Fields: the Case of Multi-Port Interferometry

Mesoscopic and macroscopic quantum correlations in photonic, atomic and optomechanical systems

Simplified quantum optical Stokes observables and Bell’s theorem

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