Normative aging of the respiratory system

Zeleznik, Jomarie

doi:10.1016/s0749-0690(02)00063-0

Cited by 89 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…(35) Rather, qualitative changes in collagen and in lung compliance. (11,13) The extent of the influence of each of these factors has yet to be determined. The initial pathophysiological consequence of these changes is air trapping due distal airway closure, with a progressive increase in RV.…”

Section: Aging-related Changes In Radiological Findings In the Lung Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

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O tórax e o envelhecimento: manifestações radiológicas

Hochhegger¹,

Meirelles

Irion

et al. 2012

J. bras. pneumol.

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In the elderly (conventionally defined as individuals ≥ 60 years of age), it is often difficult to establish what normality is, because of the numerous anatomical and physiological modifications that occur during the aging process. As a result, the greatest challenge is to differentiate between the normal aging process and the onset of disease. Healthy elderly people commonly present borderline findings on chest imaging. We systematically reviewed the medical literature on the subject, covering the period between 1950 and 2011, including articles in Portuguese, English, French, Italian, and Spanish. We searched the PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO databases, using the search terms "age", "aging", "lung", "thorax", "chest", "X-ray", "radiography", "pulmonary", and "computed tomography"-as well as their corresponding translations-in various combinations. We included only original or review articles on aging-related chest imaging findings. In broad terms, aging results in physiological modifications that must be recognized so as not to be erroneously interpreted as pathological.Keywords: Aging; Thorax; Lung; Diagnostic imaging. ResumoNos idosos (convencionalmente definidos como indivíduos com idade ≥ de 60 anos), é muitas vezes difícil estabelecer o que é normal devido a inúmeras modificações anatômicas e fisiológicas que ocorrem durante o processo de envelhecimento. Como resultado, o principal problema consiste em diferenciar o ponto em que o envelhecimento é normal daquele no qual a doença começa. Os achados radiológicos do tórax de pessoas idosas sadias são comumente limítrofes. Revisamos sistematicamente a literatura médica sobre o assunto, abrangendo o período entre 1950 e 2011, incluindo artigos em português, inglês, francês, italiano e espanhol. A busca foi feita através das bases de dados PubMed, LILACS e SciELO, utilizando os seguintes termos: age, aging, lung, thorax, chest, X-ray, radiography, pulmonary, computed tomography e suas traduções correspondentes, em combinações variadas. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos originais e de revisão de achados radiológicos no tórax relacionados ao envelhecimento. Em linhas gerais, o envelhecimento resulta em modificações fisiológicas que devem ser reconhecidas de forma a não serem erroneamente interpretadas como patologias.Descritores: Envelhecimento; Tórax; Pulmão; Diagnóstico por imagem.* Study carried out at the

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Section: Aging-related Changes In Radiological Findings In the Lung Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When combined, these parietal changes cause stiffening of the chest wall, having an unfavorable impact on respiratory mechanics. (11)(12)(13) Barrel chest is an imaging finding that is typically (but not exclusively) seen in elderly individuals. The differential diagnosis should be made primarily with COPD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

O tórax e o envelhecimento: manifestações radiológicas

Hochhegger¹,

Meirelles

Irion

et al. 2012

J. bras. pneumol.

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“…Aging is associated with decreases in cardiovascular and pulmonary function (69)(70)(71)(72), which then predict declines in objectively measured functional mobility, including assessments from treadmill exercise tests (73)(74)(75)(76)(77)(78)(79). There are aspects of breast cancer treatment that result in altered cardiovascular and pulmonary function.…”

Section: Physiologic Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Intersection of Cancer and Aging: Establishing the Need for Breast Cancer Rehabilitation

Schmitz

Cappola

Stricker

et al. 2007

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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The increasing success of treatments for common cancers has resulted in growing awareness of the unique health care needs of cancer survivors. Cancer treatments can be toxic and have long-lasting effects on health, potentially accelerating the aging process and producing associated declines in physical function. In this synthesis of the literature, we critically examine the strength of existing evidence that breast cancer diagnosis and treatment are associated with a disproportionate decline in physical function compared with the effects of living without cancer for the same number of years. There is some observational epidemiologic evidence that women treated for breast cancer report greater declines in physical function than their peers. Discerning the factors associated with such declines and their clinical significance remains to be addressed. Physiologic, psychological, and behavioral changes associated with both aging and cancer treatment are reviewed. Parallels are proposed between existing preventive and rehabilitative programs and possibilities for similar interventions aimed at preventing, reversing, or halting declines in physical function in cancer survivors. Finally, a program of research is proposed to evaluate whether there is some subset of breast cancer survivors for whom prevention or rehabilitation of functional status declines is needed, as well as development of targeted, mechanistically driven interventions. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(5):866 -72)

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“…Aging involves all organs and systems to a various extent. Respiratory system is particularly susceptible to time-related deterioration in structure [2][3][4] and function [5][6][7], since beside the genetically regulated physiological decline, it is exposed on a long term basis to environmental noxious factors including tobacco smoke, pollution and infections. Therefore there is a growing awareness of the fact that in the elderly population it may be difficult to distinguish between a "normal" and diseased lung [8][9][10]: for this reason there is an increased risk of overdiagnosing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among these subjects [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of lung densitometry threshold at CT for the distinction between senile lung and emphysema in elderly subjects

Bellia

Benfante

Menozzi

et al. 2015

Monaldi Arch Chest Dis

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Background and Aims. An ageing lung is characterised by distal airspace enlargement without alveolar wall destruction: therefore the anatomical distinction between senile lung and emphysema is clear-cut. In clinical settings the definition of precise boundaries between normalcy and pathology is more difficult with the risk of overdiagnosis. CT is an important diagnostic advancement in the field of COPD. Most methods for the evaluation of emphysema are based on the detection and measurement of areas characterised by a density level below a threshold assumed to characterize parenchymal destruction. Methods. Our retrospective study included 47 healthy subjects (65-91 years), 36 never smokers and 11 former smokers. As a reference sample we recruited 9 patients with emphysema (69-81 years). Thoracic scan was performed by single slice spiral CT and acquired without contrast enhancement. For each scan and on both lungs we sampled eighteen regions of interest in the upper, middle and lower field. Mean lung density (MLD) and lower limit of normal (LLN) of density distribution were calculated. Results. MLD for the whole study sample was -846±41 HU. -901 HU was the LLN of density distribution in the study sample. No significant correlation was noted between age and MLD. In the emphysematous sample the average lung density was -946±18 HU. The mean coefficient of variation was 3% in the healthy sample and 2% in the emphysematous one. The difference between groups was significant (p<0.0001). In one healthy subject only we measured a value slightly below the threshold reported in literature for conventional CT; no emphysematous value fell above the LLN. Conclusions. This study highlights the fact that in the elderly the threshold level of lung density commonly adopted in diagnostic algorithms of emphysema is fully applicable. When applying this method to older subjects the risk of misinterpreting areas of physiologic non-destructive reduction of density as emphysema is low.

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Normative aging of the respiratory system

Cited by 89 publications

References 55 publications

O tórax e o envelhecimento: manifestações radiológicas

O tórax e o envelhecimento: manifestações radiológicas

The Intersection of Cancer and Aging: Establishing the Need for Breast Cancer Rehabilitation

Validation of lung densitometry threshold at CT for the distinction between senile lung and emphysema in elderly subjects

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