Normative calcaneal quantitative ultrasound data for the indigenous Shuar and non-Shuar Colonos of the Ecuadorian Amazon

Disparities in bone density across contemporary Amazonian forager‐horticulturalists: Cross‐population comparison of the Tsimane and Shuar

“…Most available data, however, are biased towards populations living in Western industrialized countries, such that global incidence and prevalence of osteoporosis are likely gross underestimations. Largely owing to a lack of diagnostic resources in remote regions, there is minimal information on bone density in vivo from rural small-scale populations living in non-industrialized, developing nations (but see some examples: Madimenos et al, 2011a;Madimenos, Liebert, Cepon, Snodgrass, & Sugiyama, 2015;Stieglitz et al, 2015;Stieglitz, Madimenos, Kaplan, & Gurven, 2016;Stieglitz, Trumble, Kaplan, & Gurven, 2017;Stieglitz et al, 2019). This gap in the literature is problematic for several reasons.…”

Determining osteoporosis risk in older Colono adults from rural Amazonian Ecuador using calcaneal ultrasonometry

“…Normative skeletal health data are available for indigenous Amazonian Shuar (Madimenos et al, 2011), yet that sample is substantially younger than the Colono cohort; therefore, issues related to demographic differences prevent useful comparisons with Colonos. …”

“…While results are preliminary and sample size is small, this study represents one of the few that documents osteoporosis risk using calcaneal ultrasonometry from a nonindustrialized, non-clinical context and, specifically, for any Amazonian Ecuadorian population. Normative skeletal health data are available for indigenous Amazonian Shuar (Madimenos et al, 2011), yet that sample is substantially younger than the Colono cohort; therefore, issues related to demographic differences prevent useful comparisons with Colonos.…”

Validation of an enzyme‐linked immunoassay assay for osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation, in dried blood spots

“…This lack of access largely explains the paucity of data available from nonindustrialized, non‐Western populations, although this is starting to be remedied. Portable quantitative ultrasound devices have facilitated research into the effects of developmental and lifestyle factors on BMD, specifically among subsistence‐based populations like the Shuar forager‐horticulturalists of Amazonian Ecuador (Madimenos, Snodgrass, Liebert, Cepon, & Sugiyama, ), rural nonindigenous Colonos of Ecuador (Madimenos et al, ; Madimenos et al, ), and the forager‐horticulturalist Tsimane of Bolivia (Stieglitz et al, ; Stieglitz, Trumble, Kaplan, & Gurven, ). Despite the insights these studies have provided (Madimenos et al, ), BMD is simply one surrogate measure of bone strength and moreover, reflects the combined contributions of formation and resorption processes.…”