Normative data for the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery stratified by age and education

Yassuda, Mônica Sanches; Silva, Henrique Salmazo da; Lima-Silva, Thaís Bento; Cachioni, Meire; Falcão, Deusivânia Vieira da Silva; Lopes, Andréa Cintra; Batistoni, Samila Sathler Tavares; Néri, Anita Liberalesso

doi:10.1590/1980-57642016dn11-010008

Cited by 28 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The BCB is a visual-verbal episodic memory test that does not suffer the influence of the educational level ( Nitrini et al, 2004 ). We used the free delayed-recall scores as surrogates of episodic memory because of their ability to discriminate patients with AD from CIND and cognitively-healthy ( Nitrini et al, 2004 ; Yassuda et al, 2017 ). Details about the BCB test are found in Supplementary Data .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary School Education May Be Sufficient to Moderate a Memory-Hippocampal Relationship

Resende

Rosen

Chiang

et al. 2018

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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According to the cognitive reserve theory, intellectual stimuli acquired during life can prevent against developing cognitive impairment. The underlying cognitive reserve mechanisms were underexplored in low-educated individuals. Because episodic memory impairment due to hippocampal dysfunction is a key feature of Alzheimer’s dementia (AD), we sought to look at a possible cognitive reserve mechanism by determining whether few years of education moderated the relationship between the hippocampal volumes and the episodic-memory scores. The sample was composed by 183 older adults, 40.1% male, with the median age of 78[76,82] years and the median years of education of 4[2,10] who had undergone an episodic-memory test and a 3-Tesla MRI scan to access the hippocampal volumes. Overall, 112 were cognitively healthy, 26 had cognitive impairment-no dementia (CIND) and 45 had dementia. We used multiple linear regression to assess whether the interaction between years of education and each hippocampal volume significantly predicted the episodic-memory scores’ variance, controlling for cognitive diagnosis and nuisance variables. The interaction term with the left hippocampus (ß = 0.2, p = 0.043, CI = 1.0, 1.4), but not with the right (ß = 0.1, p = 0.218, CI = 0.9, 1.2) significantly predicted the variation on memory scores. The mechanism by which the left hippocampus seems to play a more important role on memory processing in more educated individuals needs to be further investigated and might be associated with a better use of mnemonic strategies or higher hippocampal connectivity. Because the sample’s median years of education was four, which corresponds to primary school, we may infer that this level might be sufficient to contribute for building cognitive reserve.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary School Education May Be Sufficient to Moderate a Memory-Hippocampal Relationship

Resende

Rosen

Chiang

et al. 2018

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…Cognitive assessment was performed with the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB; Beato et al, 2007), phonemic fluency test (FAS; (Machado & Fichman, 2009), animal fluency (Brucki et al, 1997) and digit span (Zimmermann et al, 2015). Episodic memory was specifically measured by the visual memory sub-test of the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB; Nitrini et al, 1994;Yassuda et al, 2017). The BCSB is a multidimensional brief test used to discriminate dementia in populations with heterogeneous educational background and includes the following categories: memory, visual perception, clock drawing and category fluency (animals/min.).…”

Section: Neuropsychological Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Papez Circuit Gray Matter and Episodic Memory in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Behavioural Variant Frontotemporal Dementia

Bueno

Souza

Pinaya

et al. 2020

Brain Imaging and Behavior

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia are two different diseases recognized to overlap at clinical, pathological and genetic characteristics. Both conditions are traditionally known for relative sparing of episodic memory. However, recent studies have disputed that with the report of patients presenting with marked episodic memory impairment. Besides that, structural and functional changes in temporal lobe regions responsible for episodic memory processing are often detected in neuroimaging studies of both conditions. In this study, we investigated the gray matter features associated with the Papez circuit in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia and healthy controls to further explore similarities and differences between the two conditions. Our non-demented amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients showed no episodic memory deficits measured by a short-term delayed recall test while no changes in gray matter of the Papez circuit were found. Compared with the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis group, the behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia group had lower performance on the short-term delayed recall test and marked atrophy in gray matter of the Papez circuit. Bilateral atrophy of entorhinal cortex and mammillary bodies distinguished behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients as well as atrophy in left cingulate, left hippocampus and right parahippocampal gyrus. Taken together, our results suggest that sub-regions of the Papez circuit could be differently affected in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia.

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“…Several traditional cognitive screening instruments are influenced by educational background, such as the MMSE and the MoCA. 32 Even, fast and simple graphical tests such as the Clock Drawing Test, conceptually similar to the PDT, can have its result biased by low education. 33 Cognitive screening tests must be user friendly and easy to use in order to be considered clinically relevant to public health providers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of the Pentagon Drawing test for the screening of older adults with Alzheimer's dementia

Martinelli

Cecato

Martinelli

et al. 2018

Dement. neuropsychol.

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The Pentagon Drawing Test (PDT) is a common cognitive screening test.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate performance properties of a specific PDT scoring scale in older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy controls.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 390 elderly patients, aged 60 years or older with at least two years of education was conducted. All participants completed clinical and neuropsychological evaluations, including the Cambridge Cognitive Examination, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Clock Drawing Test. All PDT were blindly scored with the scale of Bourke et al.Results: PDT analyses of the binary score on the MMSE (0 or 1 point) did not discriminate AD from controls (p = 0.839). However, when PDT was analyzed using the Bourke et al. scale, the two groups could be distinguished (p <0.001). PDT was not affected by education, showed sensitivity of 85.5% and specificity of 66.9%, discriminated different clinical stages of dementia, and correlated with the other cognitive tests (p <0.001). A 1-point difference on the Bourke et al. scale was associated with an odds ratio of 3.46 for AD.Conclusion: PDT can be used as a cognitive screen for suspected cases of dementia, especially AD, irrespective of educational level.

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Normative data for the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery stratified by age and education

Cited by 28 publications

References 21 publications

Primary School Education May Be Sufficient to Moderate a Memory-Hippocampal Relationship

Primary School Education May Be Sufficient to Moderate a Memory-Hippocampal Relationship

Papez Circuit Gray Matter and Episodic Memory in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Behavioural Variant Frontotemporal Dementia

Performance of the Pentagon Drawing test for the screening of older adults with Alzheimer's dementia

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