Normative data of the Brazilian elderly in Logical Memory subtest of WMS-R

Abstract

The aim of this study was to establish normative data for the Brazilian elderly population in the Logical Memory (LM) subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale, revised version (WMS-R) and investigate the ability of scores in this subtest (immediate and delayed recall) to discriminate the elderly with and without depressive symptoms. The sample consisted of 334 elderly participants. Participants answered a sociodemographic and health questionnaire, the MMSE, the GDS-15, and the LM subtest. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Student's t test, multiple linear regression, univariate analysis, and discriminant analysis. Age, education, and depressive symptoms significantly influenced all the scores of LM. Normative data were available according to three age groups, three levels of education, sex, and presence or absence of depressive symptoms. Results are in agreement with the literature, demonstrating the importance of establishing reference standards in accordance with sociodemographic and cultural characteristics. Keywords: aging; verbal memory; memory; cognition. RESUMO -Dados normativos de idosos brasileiros no subteste Memória Lógica da WMS-RO presente estudo teve por objetivo estabelecer dados normativos a idosos brasileiros no subteste Memória Lógica (ML) da WMS-R e investigar a capacidade dos escores desse subteste (recordação imediata e tardia) para discriminar idosos com e sem sintomas depressivos. A amostra foi composta por 334 idosos. Os idosos responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico, ao MEEM, à GDS-15 e ao subteste ML. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva, teste t de Student, regressão linear múltipla, análise univariada e análise discriminante. A idade, escolaridade e sintomas depressivos influenciaram significativamente todas as pontuações da ML. Os dados normativos foram disponibilizados de acordo com três grupos etários, três níveis de escolaridade, sexo e presença ou ausência de sintomas depressivos. Os resultados estão de acordo com a literatura, demonstrando a importância de estabelecer padrões de referência de acordo com características demográficas e socioculturais. Palavras-chave: envelhecimento; memória verbal; memória; cognição. RESUMEN -Datos normativos de los adultos mayores brasileños en sub-test de Memoria Lógica de WMS-REste estudio tuve como objetivo establecer los datos normativos para mayores brasileños en la sub-prueba de la Memoria Lógica (ML) de la Escala de Memoria de Wechsler, versión revisada (WMS-R), e investigar la capacidad de las puntuaciones de la sub-prueba (memoria inmediata y retardada) para discriminar mayores con y sin los síntomas depresivos. La muestra se compuso de 334 personas mayores. Los participantes respondieron a un cuestionario sociodemográfico y de la salud, lo MEEM, la GDS-15 y la sub-prueba de ML. Los datos fueron analizados utilizándose la estadística descriptiva, la prueba t de Student, la regresión lineal múltiple, el análisis univariado y el análisis discriminante. La edad, la educación y los síntomas depresivos i...

Normative Data for the Logical Memory Subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-IV in Middle-Aged and Elderly Korean People

“…Although a Japanese normative study of the LM for older adults reported that the LM I and not the LM II related to educational level [25], this may be due to small sample size (n=50) and relatively narrow range of educational level (6–18 years). The significant effect of age on the performances on the LM subtest found in this study is also in line with numerous previous reports [13–15,18,24,26,27]. In contrast to the effects of education and age, the effects of gender was not significant on any of the LM subtest scores, which is also consistent with the results of the previous studies conducted in other countries [15,17,25].…”

Normative data for the Spanish versions of the CVLT, WMS-Logical Memory, and RBMT from a sample of middle-aged and old participants.

“…Kawano et al (2013) reported significant correlations between age and LM-I and LM-II scores and between education level and LM-I scores in an old–old Japanese sample. Oliveira et al (2017) found that age and education level significantly influenced all LM scores in a sample of Brazilian older adults. Vogel et al (2018) found a significant impact of education level on the LM measures but not for sex or age in a sample of healthy Danish volunteers older than 59 years.…”

“…Some limitations in the present work should be noted. (a) Some exclusion criteria from the sample were flagged as factors which can potentially influence EM performance, for example, depressive symptoms (Oliveira et al, 2017). Although we have included the three most commonly studied variables in our analysis (age, educational level, and sex), future work should extend and analyze the potential influence of other health, affective, and sociodemographic measures.…”

Cognitive function of Brazilian elderly persons: longitudinal study with non-clinical community sample

“…In this study, the predictor of processing speed was the education level, indicating that the more years the participant has studied, the better is her/his processing speed. Reports are proving that more years of study are positively associated with improved cognitive performance (Oliveira et al, 2017) and processing speed in older adults (Ihle et al, 2018).…”