Normative data on cognitive measures of depression.

Dozois, David J. A.; Covin, Roger; Brinker, Jay K.

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.71.1.71

Cited by 51 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…The DAS is the most frequently cited cognitive measure related to depression (Dozois et al 2003). The scale assesses an individual's endorsement of maladaptive attitudes such as ''I am nothing if a person I love doesn't love me.''…”

Section: Cognitive Style Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysfunctional Attitudes, Attributional Styles, and Phase of Illness in Bipolar Disorder

et al. 2008

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Whereas an abundance of studies have been devoted to the study of cognitive vulnerability in unipolar depression, comparatively less is known regarding the cognitive styles of patients with bipolar disorder. This study examined the cognitive styles of 395 of the first 500 bipolar patients enrolled in the NIMH Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder as a function of mood state at study entry. Patients completed diagnostic and mood assessments and two measures of cognitive style: The Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS) and the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ). Patients in mixed episodes exhibited significantly more negative dysfunctional attitudes and negative attributional styles than euthymic patients and significantly more dysfunctional attitudes than manic/hypomanic patients. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to episode vulnerability, moodstate dependency of cognitive style, and cognitivebehavioral treatment.

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Section: Cognitive Style Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysfunctional Attitudes, Attributional Styles, and Phase of Illness in Bipolar Disorder

et al. 2008

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“…As reported by Ingram and Wisnicki (1988), the mean score for nondepressed individuals is 107 (SD = 19), 96 (SD = 19) for mildly depressed, and 83 (SD = 16) for depressed individuals. However, the normative mean averaged across samples, as reported by Dozois et al (2003) was 98.61 (SD = 13.02). Excellent internal reliability (α = .95) has also been reported.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Each item was scored on a 5-point scale (ranging from 1-not at all to 5-all the time) with higher scores indicative of more negativity. Nonpatients score between 40 and 60 (M = 52.91, SD = 18.18), while depressed patients tend to score over 90 (Dozois, Covin, & Brinker, 2003). The ATQ has been reported to have high reliability (α = .96) and is considered a useful tool in assessing change in cognitions related to psychotherapeutic intervention (Hollon & Kendall, 1980).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive defusion for psychological distress, dysphoria, and low self-esteem: A randomized technique evaluation trial of vocalizing strategies.

Hinton¹,

Gaynor²

2010

International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy

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Cognitive defusion procedures, as used in acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), attempt to alter how an individual relates to negative thoughts (without challenging, disputing, or trying to change their content) so as to promote psychological flexibility, the key feature of the ACT model of adaptive functioning. The current study examined the efficacy of three, once weekly, sessions of cognitive defusion (CD) compared to a concurrent waitlist (WL) condition for university students reporting elevated distress, dysphoria, and low self-esteem. Participants (N = 22) were randomized to CD or WL, with the latter offered CD following their WL participation. The combined data from all those offered CD were also compared to a supportive therapy benchmark established from archival data. Intent-to-treat analyses showed large changes in distress, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, defused awareness of thoughts, psychological flexibility, and automatic thoughts favoring CD over WL. These effects were replicated when the WL group then received CD and persisted (or further improved) at 1-month follow-up. CD within-group effect sizes were also reliably larger than those derived from a comparable supportive therapy condition. That CD was associated with significant changes in both outcome and process variables is consistent with the existing literature and with the view that cognitive defusion techniques (particularly vocalizing strategies) represent an active component of ACT. Future research employing more stringent concurrent controls, clinical samples, and multi method assessments that allow for temporally sequenced tests of mediators is needed to more fully substantiate the effects of cognitive defusion.

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“…Each item is rated from 1 (not at all) to 5 (all the time), with higher scores indicative of more negativity. The normative mean (drawn from primarily samples of college students) is 52.91 (SD = 18.18; Dozois et al 2003). The 9-item Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ; Hayes et al 2004) measures willingness to take action despite uncomfortable thoughts.…”

Section: Internalizing Distressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and is scored from 1 (not at all) to 5 (all the time), with higher scores indicating more positivity. The normative mean derived largely from collegian samples was 98.61 (SD = 13.02; Dozois et al 2003). Developed and pilot tested by the authors, the self-thought fluency assessment (STFA) involves two separate 3-min periods in which the individual is first given 2 min to ''collect'' his/ her self-thoughts, and then 1 min to write as many positive or negative as s/he can.…”

Section: Positive Thinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Modification versus Therapeutic Support for Internalizing Distress and Positive Thinking: A Randomized Technique Evaluation Trial

Clore¹,

Gaynor

2010

Cogn Ther Res

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It is important to evaluate not only comprehensive treatment packages, but also specific procedures to determine their contribution to the change process. The current study examined the efficacy of cognitive modification (CM) techniques compared to supportive therapy (ST) for university students reporting significant internalizing distress. CM consisted of three sessions of Fluency Training (FT) to increase positive self-statements and three sessions of Thought Record (TR) training in challenging negative thoughts. Participants (N = 57) were randomized to CM or ST and assessed at pre-, mid-, post-treatment, 1-and 3-month follow-ups. Intent-to-treat analyses suggested that CM produced greater changes in internalizing distress and positive thinking, which was especially apparent at midtreatment with small-to-medium differences consistently favoring CM at post-treatment and follow-up. These data suggest that change in CM was beyond that attributable to time spent with an engaged therapist who provided a treatment rationale, subsequent intervention and homework assignment.

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Normative data on cognitive measures of depression.

Cited by 51 publications

References 105 publications

Dysfunctional Attitudes, Attributional Styles, and Phase of Illness in Bipolar Disorder

Dysfunctional Attitudes, Attributional Styles, and Phase of Illness in Bipolar Disorder

Cognitive defusion for psychological distress, dysphoria, and low self-esteem: A randomized technique evaluation trial of vocalizing strategies.

Cognitive Modification versus Therapeutic Support for Internalizing Distress and Positive Thinking: A Randomized Technique Evaluation Trial

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