Normative Hand Strength of Healthcare Industry Workers in Central Taiwan

Lo, Victor Ei-Wen; Chao, Shu-Min; Tu, Hsin-Hung

doi:10.3390/ijerph18010187

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The pattern of changes in muscle strength, measured by HGS, was similar to other research findings among other populations, that HGS peak in young adulthood and, after a plateau, start decreasing gradually during ageing 2,14,27 . In line with previous studies, our study revealed a higher HGS value in men than in women 4,11,19,28–30 . Data from some studies showed that muscle mass and strength seem to decline with age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…16 The PURE study that assessed grip strength in adults aged 35-70 who reside in 21 countries suggested that individual HGS measurements should be interpreted using region-specific reference ranges. 17 Although some studies have explored the HGS values among Asian people, 11,18,19 they focused on elders or in a selected population, for example, in healthcare industry workers, lacking data with a broad age range in a general unselected population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Normative values of hand grip strength in a large unselected Chinese population: Evidence from the China National Health Survey

Pan

Wang³

et al. 2023

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Background Hand grip strength (HGS) is a powerful indicator of sarcopenia and other adverse health outcomes. Normative values for HGS for general Chinese people with a broad age spectrum are lacking. This study aims to establish normative values of HGS and explore the correlations between HGS and body composition among unselected people aged 8–80 in China. Methods From 2012 to 2017, 39 655 participants aged 8–80 years in the China National Health Survey were included. Absolute HGS was measured using a Jamar dynamometer. The relative HGS was normalized by body mass index. Body composition indexes included body mass index, body fat percentage, muscle mass, fat mass index (FMI) and muscle mass index (MMI). Sex‐specific smoothed centile tables for the P1, P5, P25, P50, P75, P95 and P99 centiles of HGS and body composition were generated using lambda‐mu‐sigma method. The correlations between muscle strength and body composition were estimated by partial Spearman correlation analysis. Results The median values (25th and 75th percentile) of HGS in boys and girls (8–19 years old) were 22 (14, 34) kg and 18 (12, 22) kg, respectively; in men and women aged 20–80 were 39 (33, 44) kg and 24 (20, 27) kg, respectively. Values of upper and lower HGS across ages had three periods: an increase to a peak in the 20 s in men (with the 5th and 95th values of 30 and 55 kg, respectively) and 30 s in women (with the 5th and 95th values of 18 and 34 kg, respectively), preservation through midlife (20s–40 s), and then a decline after their 50 s. The lowest HGS values in both sexes were in the 70‐ to 80‐year‐old group, with the 5th and 95th percentile values of 16 and 40 kg in men, and 10 and 25 kg in women. There were substantial sex differences in body composition in the life course (all P values <0.001). In ageing, the decrease of muscle strength was faster than that of muscle mass in both sexes. The correlations between muscle mass and HGS were most robust than other correlations, especially in women (0.68 vs. 0.50), children and adolescents. Conclusions Our study established the age‐ and sex‐specific percentile reference values for hand grip strength in an unselected Chinese population across a broad age‐spectrum. The rich data can facilitate the practical appraisal of muscle strength and promote early prediction of sarcopenia and other impairments associated with neuromuscular disorders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative values of hand grip strength in a large unselected Chinese population: Evidence from the China National Health Survey

Pan

Wang³

et al. 2023

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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“…Employees who performed work with high physical demands were anticipated to achieve higher HGS scores. This was confirmed in the studies by Lo at al. (2021) and Rostamzadeh et al (2020b) who found HGS of manual workers was significantly stronger than that of non-manual workers or healthcare workers.…”

Section: Theme 3: the Influence Of Biological And Functional Factors ...supporting

confidence: 81%

“…It has been widely acknowledged that age and gender influence HGS with men found to be stronger than women and younger adults stronger than older adults (Agnew and Maas, 1982;Dodds et al, 2016;Günther et al, 2008;Massy-Westropp et al, 2011;Mathiowetz et al, 1985;Wang et al, 2018). Previous studies have also discussed the potential influence other biological and functional factors have on HGS including hand dominance (Bohannon et al, 2006;Günther et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2018), different types of occupation (Günther et al, 2008;Josty et al, 1997;Lo et al, 2021;Rostamzadeh et al, 2019Rostamzadeh et al, , 2020bSaremi and Rostamzadeh, 2019) and anthropometric characteristics (Angst et al, 2010;Eidson et al, 2017;Lo et al, 2021;Massy-Westropp et al, 2011;Mohammadian et al, 2015;Rostamzadeh et al, 2019Rostamzadeh et al, , 2020aSaremi and Rostamzadeh, 2019;Shim et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2018). The correlation between HGS and these additional functional and biological factors is found to be varied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences of occupational therapy clinicians on the assessment and evaluation of adult handgrip strength

Myles

Massy‐Westropp

Barnett

2022

British Journal of Occupational Therapy

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Introduction: Handgrip strength (HGS) is commonly measured to assess hand function, however, little is known about how and why occupational therapists assess and interpret HGS. This study aimed to explore the experiences of occupational therapists who work with HGS. Additionally, the study explored what biological and functional factors occupational therapists believe influence adult HGS. Method: A qualitative study design utilising purposive sampling identified occupational therapy clinicians within Queensland, Australia who assess HGS. Data were collected from 19 participants using a semi-structured interview process. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Variations of the American Society of Hand Therapists HGS testing procedure were used by the participants based on experience. When evaluating HGS, comparison to normative data was not always completed or seen to be valuable. Biological and functional factors such as height, hand length, occupation and lifestyle factors were considered to influence HGS. Conclusion: The results of this study provide insight into the various ways occupational therapists assess and evaluate HGS according to experience and practice context. These variations in assessment and evaluation of HGS along with the influence of an individual’s biological and functional factors need to be considered when interpreting HGS results.

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“…For example, the pulling strength of Mexicans is significantly different from that of Americans [ 29 ]. Furthermore, compared with the results from international studies, the hand strength of both genders in the manufacturing and healthcare industries in Taiwan was significantly lower (59% to 64%) than that of U.S. and European countries [ 15 , 30 ]. A study conducted by Or et al showed that the pull strength for American participants was 41.2–91.6% greater than that of Chinese participants [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Investigation into the Effects of Backrest Angle and Stick Location on Female Strength

Chao

2021

IJERPH

Self Cite

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of backrest angle and hand maneuver direction on maximum hand strength and to recommend a strength value for the hand-controlled stick of an aircraft. Methods: Forty-eight female subjects were recruited to perform simulated forward–backward and adduction–abduction maneuvers using control sticks. Each subject was free from musculoskeletal disorders and pain. The independent variables included four control maneuvers (forward, backward, adduction, abduction), two right-hand control stick locations (central, side), and three backrest angles (90°, 103°, 108°). The dependent variable was maximum hand strength. Results: The maximum strength for forward maneuvers with both central and side sticks was strongest at a 90° backrest angle (p < 0.001). The maximum strength for adduction maneuvers with both central and side sticks was also strongest at a 90° backrest angle (p < 0.001). On the other hand, the highest strength was observed at a 108° backrest angle when pulling the stick backward (p < 0.001). The abduction strength was significantly stronger than the adduction strength with a central stick (p < 0.001), but the adduction strength was significantly stronger than the abduction strength with a side stick (p < 0.001–p = 0.017). The forward and abduction strength were significantly different in different locations (p < 0.001). The recommended strength in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) by the US FAA is higher than the strength values observed in this study. Conclusions: The backrest angle, directions, and location affected the muscular strength. The recommended values should be reevaluated and adjusted for Taiwanese pilots.

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Normative Hand Strength of Healthcare Industry Workers in Central Taiwan

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

Normative values of hand grip strength in a large unselected Chinese population: Evidence from the China National Health Survey

Normative values of hand grip strength in a large unselected Chinese population: Evidence from the China National Health Survey

Experiences of occupational therapy clinicians on the assessment and evaluation of adult handgrip strength

Investigation into the Effects of Backrest Angle and Stick Location on Female Strength

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