Normative Studies of Sequence Strength and Scene Structure of 30 Scripts

Hue, Chih-Wei; Erickson, James R.

doi:10.2307/1423156

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Specifically, we assessed two competing claims about the processing of a series of events. One hypothesis is that events are processed in a linear-sequential manner (Botvinick & Watanabe, 2007; Hue & Erickson, 1991; van der Meer et al, 2002). If participants were applying a linear-sequential processing strategy in this study, we would expect judgments about a pair of consecutive events to be comparable to judgments of any other pair of consecutive events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A linear-sequential structure involves the serial representation of events in a temporally sequenced manner (Hue & Erickson, 1991; van der Meer, Beyer, Heinze, & Badel, 2002). This approach suggests a serial access mechanism directly linked to the chronological order in which events occur, as well as a mechanism that monitors the place in the serial order where each event occurs (Botvinick & Watanabe, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impairment of script comprehension in Lewy body spectrum disorders

et al. 2013

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A disabling impairment of higher-order language function can be seen in patients with Lewy body spectrum disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We focus on script comprehension in patients with Lewy body spectrum disorders. While scripts unfold sequentially, constituent events are thought to contain an internal organization. Executive dysfunction in patients with Lewy body spectrum disorders may interfere with comprehension of this internal structure. We examined 42 patients (30 non-demented PD and 12 mildly demented PDD/DLB patients) and 12 healthy seniors. We presented 22 scripts (e.g., “going fishing”), each consisting of six events. Pilot data from young controls provided the basis for organizing associated events into clusters and arranging them hierarchically into scripts. We measured accuracy and latency to judge the order of adjacent events in the same cluster versus adjacent events in different clusters. PDD/DLB patients were less accurate in their ordering judgments than PD patients and controls. Healthy seniors and PD patients were significantly faster to judge correctly the order of highly associated within-cluster event pairs relative to less closely associated different-cluster event pairs, while PDD/DLB patients did not consistently distinguish between these event-pair types. This relative insensitivity to the clustered-hierarchical organization of events was related to executive impairment and to frontal atrophy as measured by volumetric MRI. These findings extend prior work on script processing to patients with Lewy body spectrum disorders and highlight the potential impact of frontal/executive dysfunction on the daily lives of affected patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impairment of script comprehension in Lewy body spectrum disorders

et al. 2013

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“…Some models of script organization propose a linearsequential structure in which the representation of events within a script are sequentially ordered associations (Hue and Erickson 1991;van der Meer et al 2002). Such an approach suggests a serial access mechanism directly linked to the chronological order and sequence in which events occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Organization of Scripts: Converging Evidence from fMRI and Frontotemporal Degeneration

et al. 2010

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The present study examined the organization of complex familiar activities, known as "scripts" (e.g., "going fishing"). We assessed whether events in a script are processed in a linear-sequential manner or clustered-hierarchical manner, and we evaluated the neural basis for this processing capacity. Converging evidence was obtained from functional neuroimaging in healthy young adults and from behavioral and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data in patients with focal neurodegenerative disease. In both studies, participants judged the order of consecutive event pairs taken from a script. Event pairs either were clustered together within a script or were from different clusters within the script. Controls judged events more accurately and quickly if taken from the same cluster within a script compared with different clusters, even though all event pairs were consecutive, consistent with the hierarchical organization of a script. Functional magnetic resonance imaging associated this with bilateral inferior frontal activation. Patients with progressive nonfluent aphasia or behavior-variant frontotemporal dementia did not distinguish between event pairs from the same cluster or from different clusters within a script. Structural MRI associated this deficit with significant frontal cortical atrophy. Our findings suggest that frontal cortex contributes to clustering events during script comprehension, underlining the role of frontal cortex in the hierarchical organization of a script.

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“…In this case, events within a script are accessed sequentially, according to established knowledge of the order in which they occur. 31 An alternate model stipulates that complex actions consist of clusters of associated events that are arranged hierarchically in order to achieve an outcome or goal. 32,33 For instance, in a multistep activity such as fishing, groups of highly associated actions (eg, open can of worms and place worm on hook) are combined with other event groups (eg, raise the pole and reel in the line) to accomplish the task.…”

Section: Planning and Organizingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Resources

Gross¹,

Grossman²

2010

CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology

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Executive resources allow for flexible, adaptive, goal-directed responses to environmental circumstances in essentially all facets of daily living. Executive function is composed of related, but separable, components. This article will highlight three essential aspects of executive function: (1) working memory, (2) planning and organizing, and (3) inhibitory control. Working memory is the system by which information is maintained in an active mental state so that it can be used for other purposes. Planning and organizing of behavior involves the way in which individuals optimize the execution of multistep tasks to achieve a goal. Inhibitory control allows an individual to inhibit inappropriate responses and to shift responses when necessary. These aspects of executive function appear to depend in part on large-scale neural networks that are centered in distinct areas of prefrontal cortex, working in concert with other brain regions, such as parietal cortex and the basal ganglia. Executive function is a fundamental aspect of human cognition that is compromised in patients with a wide range of medical conditions.

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Normative Studies of Sequence Strength and Scene Structure of 30 Scripts

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Impairment of script comprehension in Lewy body spectrum disorders

Impairment of script comprehension in Lewy body spectrum disorders

Hierarchical Organization of Scripts: Converging Evidence from fMRI and Frontotemporal Degeneration

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