Normative values for clinical measures used to classify accommodative and vergence anomalies in a sample of high school children in South Africa

Wajuihian, Samuel Otabor

doi:10.1016/j.optom.2018.03.005

Cited by 25 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…One cycle was considered each time the optotype was seen clearly with a positive lens and afterwards with a negative lens. The number of cycles achieved in 1 min was recorded [ 24 ]. Positive/negative relative accommodation: negative relative accommodation (NRA) was measured with a phoropter by adding positive lenses in 0.25-D steps while the child was fixating at an optotype at 40 cm until the perception of blurring or double vision.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Positive/negative relative accommodation: negative relative accommodation (NRA) was measured with a phoropter by adding positive lenses in 0.25-D steps while the child was fixating at an optotype at 40 cm until the perception of blurring or double vision. The same procedure was followed to measure the positive relative accommodation (PRA), but using negative lenses [ 24 ]. Amplitude of accommodation: this was measured using negative lenses monocularly while the child maintained fixation at an optotype corresponding to VA = 0.7 at 40 cm under photopic conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One cycle was considered each time the optotype was seen clearly with a positive lens and afterwards with a negative lens. The number of cycles achieved in 1 min was recorded [ 24 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Distribution of Visual and Oculomotor Alterations in a Clinical Population of Children with and without Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Bilbao

Piñero

2021

Brain Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A prospective, non-randomized comparative study was conducted to compare the distribution of oculomotor and visual alterations in children with neurodevelopmental disorders and healthy children without such disorders. Sixty-nine children (aged 6–13 years) were enrolled and divided into three groups: a control group (CG) of 23 healthy children; a group of 18 healthy children with oculomotor abnormalities (OAG); and a group of 28 children with a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDDG), with 15 cases of dyslexia, 7 cases of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and 6 cases of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Significantly worse near stereopsis was found in NDDG compared with CG (p < 0.001) and OAG (p = 0.001). Likewise, a significantly lower amplitude of accommodation was found in NDDG compared with CG in both the right (p = 0.001) and left eyes (p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences between groups were found in the measurement of near and distance phoria (p ≥ 0.557), near point of convergence (p = 0.700) and fusional vergences (p ≥ 0.059). Significantly impaired oculomotor test scores were found in NDDG compared with CG (p < 0.001), with no significant differences between OAG and NDDG (p ≥ 0.063). The comparison between the three types of neurodevelopmental disorders included revealed the presence of a significantly lower amplitude of accommodation in children with DCD compared with dyslexics. Furthermore, less exophoria at near was present in children with dyslexia compared with children with ADHD (p = 0.018) and DCD (p = 0.054). In conclusion, children with dyslexia, ADHD and DCD show an altered oculomotor pattern and a more reduced amplitude of accommodation, not always compatible with the diagnostic criteria of an accommodative insufficiency. Accommodative and binocular vision problems are not always present in these children and cannot be considered an etiologic factor.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One cycle was considered each time the optotype was seen clearly with a positive lens and afterwards with a negative lens. The number of cycles achieved in 1 min was recorded [ 24 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Distribution of Visual and Oculomotor Alterations in a Clinical Population of Children with and without Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Bilbao

Piñero

2021

Brain Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The preliminary tests were performed with participants wearing no optical correction and included ocular health status evaluation using the direct ophthalmoscope, suppression was evaluated at near using the Worth-4-dot test. (Bernell Corporation, Mishawaka Inc, USA) 37 , 38 , 39 Other tests performed include:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations between clinical measures and symptoms: Report 2: Accommodative and vergence measures with symptoms

Wajuihian

2021

Journal of Optometry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim The aim of this study was to explore associations among clinical measures of accommodation and vergences with symptoms, which could facilitate the validation of the Convergence Insufficiency Symptoms Survey to screen for deficient clinical measures. Methods Using a multi-stage random cluster sampling, 1211 high school students (481 males and 730 females) between 13 and 18 years of age were selected and examined. Visual acuity, stereoacuity and suppression, refractive errors, near point of convergence, heterophoria and fusional vergences, as well as, amplitude of accommodation, accommodative response, facility and relative accommodation were evaluated. The validity of the Convergence Insufficiency Symptoms Survey to distinguish between children with and those without anomalies in the clinical measures were characterized using the Receiver Operation Curve, sensitivity and specificity of the tests. Results The overall mean and standard deviation for symptoms score was 27.38 ± 11.04. Deficient accommodative measures revealed worse symptoms scores than did deficient vergence measures and children with deficient clinical measures had significantly higher mean symptoms scores. ( p = 0.001) However, the correlations between defective clinical measures and symptoms were significant but relatively weak. The Receiver Operation Curve showed that the clinical measures with the highest sensitivities using the CISS (≥16) were: reduced amplitude of accommodation 0.63, 95% Confidence interval, 0.59−0.68%) accommodative facility 0.62 (95% Confidence interval, 0.58−0.67) and near point of convergence 0.60 (95% Confidence interval, 0.53−0.67). Conclusion Deficient clinical measures and symptoms of asthenopia are prevalent and correlated in the sample of school children studied. Overall, findings suggest that high school children with deficient clinical measures may be symptomatic when they perform intense near task compared to those without deficiencies. In addition, although validated for convergence insufficiency, the Convergence Insufficiency Symptoms Survey could barely distinguish between children with and without defective clinical measures. Findings highlight the need for and provide baseline data towards possible validation of a fast and reliable screening tool for vision anomalies. Further studies on similar populations are needed to confirm these findings and add to knowledge base.

show abstract

Extraocular Muscle Tests and Cover Tests

Raghuram,

Jastrzembski

2024

Ophthalmic Diagnostics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Normative values for clinical measures used to classify accommodative and vergence anomalies in a sample of high school children in South Africa

Cited by 25 publications

References 51 publications

Distribution of Visual and Oculomotor Alterations in a Clinical Population of Children with and without Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Distribution of Visual and Oculomotor Alterations in a Clinical Population of Children with and without Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Correlations between clinical measures and symptoms: Report 2: Accommodative and vergence measures with symptoms

Extraocular Muscle Tests and Cover Tests

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About