Normotensive glaucoma

Lešták, Jan; Jirásková, N; Žáková, Markéta; Středová, Markéta

doi:10.5507/bp.2018.039

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the major modifiable risk factor strongly associated with the onset and progression of the disease (Gaasterland et al., 2000 ). For this reason, the usual treatment of glaucoma consists in the frequent instillation of hypotensive drugs (Conlon et al., 2017 ); however, it is important to remark that the return to normal intraocular pressure values does not always stop the retinal degeneration (Pascale et al., 2012 ) and that, in addition, in many other cases these same failures in the retina and optic nerve occur in normotensive patients (Anderson, 2003 ; Lestak et al., 2018 ). Sadly, there is not yet any optimal treatment for this and any other retinal neurodegenerative diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mimicking chronic glaucoma over 6 months with a single intracameral injection of dexamethasone/fibronectin-loaded PLGA microspheres

et al. 2022

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To create a chronic glaucoma animal model by a single intracameral injection of biodegradable poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres (Ms) co-loaded with dexamethasone and fibronectin (MsDexaFibro). MsDexaFibro were prepared by a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion method including dexamethasone in the organic phase and fibronectin in the inner aqueous phase. To create the chronic glaucoma model, an interventionist and longitudinal animal study was performed using forty-five Long Evans rats (4-week-old). Rats received a single intracameral injection of MsDexafibro suspension (10%w/v) in the right eye. Ophthalmological parameters such as clinical signs, intraocular pressure (IOP), neuro-retinal functionality by electroretinography (ERG), retinal structural analysis by optical coherence tomography (OCT), and histology were evaluated up to six months. According to the results obtained, the model proposed was able to induce IOP increasing in both eyes over the study, higher in the injected eyes up to 6 weeks (p < 0.05), while preserving the ocular surface. OCT quantified progressive neuro-retinal degeneration (mainly in the retinal nerve fiber layer) in both eyes but higher in the injected eye. Ganglion cell functionality decreased in injected eyes, thus smaller amplitudes in PhNR were detected by ERG. In conclusion, a new chronic glaucoma animal model was created by a single injection of MsDexaFibro very similar to open-angle glaucoma occurring in humans. This model would impact in different fields such as ophthalmology, allowing long period of study of this pathology; pharmacology, evaluating the neuroprotective activity of active compounds; and pharmaceutical technology, allowing the correct evaluation of the efficacy of long-term sustained ocular drug delivery systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mimicking chronic glaucoma over 6 months with a single intracameral injection of dexamethasone/fibronectin-loaded PLGA microspheres

et al. 2022

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“…Naopak, pacienti s HTG měli statisticky vyšší hodnoty OD ve srovnání s PD (p = 0,0001). I tento závěr potvrdil výše uvedené nálezy odlišností změn v zorných polích u obou skupin [17].…”

Section: Funkční a Strukturální Změnyunclassified

“…Zjistili jsme redukci CGL jak u HTG, tak NTG (p = 0,0001). Redukce CGL ale nebyla statisticky závislá na pokročilosti změn v zorných polích u HTG a ani u NTG [17].…”

Section: Funkční a Strukturální Změnyunclassified

“…Naše výsledky ukázaly rozdíly v naměřených hodnotách, ale tyto rozdíly nebyly statisticky významné, s výjimkou šířky chiasmatu. Dle nás je šířka chiasmatu pro NTG mnohem důležitější než OSD nebo OND [17].…”

Section: Funkční a Strukturální Změnyunclassified

“…Signifikantní rozdíl jsme zjistili u PVWM a DWM mezi NTG, HTG a kontrolní skupinou. Nejpokročilejší změny jsme zaznamenali u nemocných s HTG [17].…”

Section: Funkční a Strukturální Změnyunclassified

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Normal Tension vs High Tension Glaucoma: An Overview

Lešták

Pitrová

Nutterova

et al. 2019

CSO

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The study provides an up-to-date overview of pathogenesis, functional and structural changes in normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and its differences from high tension glaucomas (HTG). The authors point to less known facts which make both diagnostic groups different. First of all, there are electrophysiological findings that verify pathology in the complete visual pathway in HTG in contrast to NTG where the retinal ganglion cell response is relatively normal but the abnormalities are in the visual pathway. This corresponds to the findings of functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with a significant decrease in activity in HTG compared to NTG. We found a higher decrease in activity in HTG following application of the colour paradigm compared to NTG where we did not see a similar difference. We also investigated the central corneal thickness (CCT) in both diagnostic groups. We did not find a statistically significant difference. However, we found the effect of CCT on progression of the changes in visual fields in HTG. In relation to suspicion of abnormally low cerebrospinal pressure and a possible cerebrovascular fluid flow disturbance in NTG, we examined the optic nerve thickness (OND) and optic nerve sheath diameter (OSD) at a distance of 4, 8, 16 and 20mm from the posterior pole of the eye. In the comparison with the healthy population, we did not find any abnormalities except for the width of the optic chiasma that was markedly lower in NTG. In relation to a possible impairment of cerebral perfusion we determined the degrees of cerebral atrophy using magnetic resonance imaging by measuring the bicaudate ratio (BCR) and white matter lesions using the Fazekas scale. We did not find a difference between HTG and NTG in BCR. We found statistically significant changes in BCR which correlated with the changes in visual fields. The higher values of the pattern defect were associated with increased brain atrophy (BCR). We did not detect similar relations in the Fazekas scale. We found a significant difference in this parameter among NTG, HTG and a control group. We found the most advanced changes in the patients with HTG. Conclusion: In HTG, impairment of retinal ganglion cells and subsequently also their axons, including visual cortex occurs because of a high intraocular pressure. In NTG, the retinal ganglion cells are relatively normal like the visual cortex, but alteration occurs in their axons. The cause is not a high intraocular pressure but most probably ischemia.

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Neurotransmission in Visual Analyser and Bionic Eye. A Review

Lešták¹

2021

CSO

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Aims: The aim of the work is to point out the transmission of electrical voltage changes in the visual analyser and thus the efficiency of the bionic eye. Material and methods: The review deals with the question of the transmission of electrical changes in visual path voltage under physiological and pathological conditions. In particular, it points to feedback autoregulatory damage not only of primarily altered cellular structures, but of all other, both horizontally and vertically localized. Based on the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological methods, it shows the pathology of the entire visual pathway in three eye diseases: retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma. Results: The thesis also provides an overview of possible systems that are used to replace lost vision, from epiretinal, subretinal, suprachoroidal implants, through stimulation of the optic nerve, corpus geniculatum laterale to the visual cortex. Conclusion: Due to the pathology of neurotransmission, bionic eye systems cannot be expected to be restored after stabilization of binocular functions.

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Normotensive glaucoma

Abstract: This article provides an updated overview of the structural and functional changes in normotensive glaucoma and its variations from hypertensive glaucoma. The authors point out the less familiar facts in which both diagnostic groups differ.

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Mimicking chronic glaucoma over 6 months with a single intracameral injection of dexamethasone/fibronectin-loaded PLGA microspheres

Mimicking chronic glaucoma over 6 months with a single intracameral injection of dexamethasone/fibronectin-loaded PLGA microspheres

Normal Tension vs High Tension Glaucoma: An Overview

Neurotransmission in Visual Analyser and Bionic Eye. A Review

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