Norms and Institutions in Global Competition Policy

Abstract

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“…Hambatanhambatan tersebut dapat dihasilkan melalui: hasil-hasil pemeriksaan substansi yang tidak konsisten yang dilakukan otoritas persaingan di negara-negara yang berbeda; ketidakkonsistenan prosedur dari pre-merger; atau ketidakpastian mengenai perkembangan hukum-hukum persaingan dalam tiap-tiap pasar di mana perusahaan multinasional melakukan kegiatan bisnisnya (Tarullo, 2000: 478-504).…”

International Competition Enforcement Law Between Cooperation and Convergence

“…21 Just by considering the entirety of procedure, institutions and other actors it is possible to make reliable statements about the current state of procedural law. 24 In addition, courts do not always subject this "creation of law through procedure" to judicial review. 23 Procedure, however, can naturally not be separated from substantive law.…”

“…With historical hindsight, it can be seen as a tale of failure and set-backs although the need for international structures had been recognized early. 24 Therefore, future developments will depend to a considerable degree on instruments of coordination between the various actors. Nevertheless -and this is also shown by a closer look at the daily cooperation of competition authorities -this reveals the fundamental conflict between state sovereignty on the one hand and the challenges of a global economy with open markets on the other hand.…”

“…23 The development of antitrust and competition law in particular indicates that the latter will be the case. 24 This topic is often being discussed under aspects of competition; on the "competition of competition systems" see M€ oschel, "Wettbewerb der Wettbewerbsordnungen", Wirtschaft und Wettbewerb 2005, 599; B€ atge, Wettbewerb der Wettbewerbsordnungen? 20 Terhechte Humblot, 1958), 515 with further references.…”

An International Multilevel Competition Policy System

“…political, legal, and social sciences as well as in economics. Regarding international competition policy, Tarullo (2000) develops a regulatoryconvergence approach, in which systematic network cooperation provides "a mechanism for structuring and monitoring the mutual expectations of states" (p. 495) in order to make national regulations more congruent across interacting jurisdictions. He vehemently argues in favour of a participation of the existing antitrust agencies in the process of generating an international regime.…”