Norms on the Responsibilities of Transnational Corporations and Other Business Enterprises with Regard to Human Rights

Business and the International Human Rights Regime: A Comparison of UN Initiatives

“…8 Similarly, the Norms were seen as problematic because they do not differentiate the responsibilities of states from those of companies and in some instances impose higher obligations on companies than on states (Ruggie, 2006). There are also commentators who 403 Business and Human Rights Regime have defended the Norms by arguing that this type of criticism is misplaced since the preamble of the Norms maintains that the primary obligation for human rights rests with states (Clapham, 2006, p. 228;Weissbrodt and Kruger, 2003).…”

Multistakeholderism: anatomy of an inchoate global institution

“…In the ensuing decades, multilateral diplomacy has remained both an important object of scholarly inquiry and an enduring international institution. At the same time, new practices and discourses have emerged in response to the efforts of a range of non-state actors to participate more fully in the enterprise of governing the globe, whether or not in multilateral processes (see, e.g., Keck and Sikkink 1998;Price 1998;Weissbrodt and Kruger 2003;Glasius 2010). We argue that much of this activity can be understood by thinking in terms of a distinct, emerging (and as-yet inchoate) institution of multistakeholderism or multistakeholder governance.…”

Introduction: Corporate Citizenship in a Globalized World

“…This is difficult within a framework of international law that is traditionally targeting nation-states only, but does not directly include the legal responsibilities of non-state actors (see Kingsbury 2003). Therefore, the conditions of a direct application of international law are explored (Kinley and Tadaki 2004;Vagts 2003;Weissbrodt and Kruger 2003). Other legal scholars have analyzed the various forms of 'soft law' (Shelton 2000;Mörth 2004) and alternative forms of regulation (Parker and Braithwaite 2003).…”