Norovirus Encephalopathy in a Previously Healthy Child

Obinata, Kaoru; Okumura, Akihisa; Nakazawa, Tomoyuki; Kamata, Ayako; Niizuma, Takahiro; Kinoshita, Keiji; Shimizu, Toshiaki

doi:10.1097/inf.0b013e3181e78889

Cited by 26 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Encephalopathy has occurred in children and adults (78)(79)(80). While the outcome is generally benign, including in one case in which the virus was detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities and permanent neurological sequelae occurred in a patient in whom the virus was detected in plasma but not cerebrospinal fluid (80).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norovirus

2015

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SUMMARY Norovirus, an RNA virus of the family Caliciviridae , is a human enteric pathogen that causes substantial morbidity across both health care and community settings. Several factors enhance the transmissibility of norovirus, including the small inoculum required to produce infection (<100 viral particles), prolonged viral shedding, and its ability to survive in the environment. In this review, we describe the basic virology and immunology of noroviruses, the clinical disease resulting from infection and its diagnosis and management, as well as host and pathogen factors that complicate vaccine development. Additionally, we discuss overall epidemiology, infection control strategies, and global reporting efforts aimed at controlling this worldwide cause of acute gastroenteritis. Prompt implementation of infection control measures remains the mainstay of norovirus outbreak management.

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norovirus

2015

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“…Although human norovirus (HuNoV) infection is typically self-limiting, severe and long-term infection can occur in elderly or immunocompromised individuals (22,44,50,60,62). More recently, HuNoV infection has also been associated with necrotizing enterocolitis in infants and postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome in adults, as well as extraintestinal symptoms, such as benign infantile seizures and encephalopathy (12,37,40,45,54,59).…”

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confidence: 99%

Protruding Domain of Capsid Protein Is Necessary and Sufficient To Determine Murine Norovirus Replication and Pathogenesis In Vivo

Strong

Thackray

Smith

et al. 2012

J Virol

155

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bHuman noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the major cause of epidemic, nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Due to the lack of a tractable model system and the inability to grow HuNoVs in cell culture, factors required for the norovirus (NoV) life cycle and pathogenesis in the host remain largely unknown. The discovery of murine norovirus (MNV) and the development of reversegenetics systems for this virus provide an opportunity to study these aspects of NoV infection in vitro and in vivo. Previous studies identified a single amino acid at residue 296 in the protruding (P) domain of the capsid protein that is responsible for determining the virulence of the MNV clone MNV1.CW1 in 12956/SvEv background STAT1-deficient (STAT1 ؊/؊ ) mice. In this report, we identified and characterized another determinant of lethality in the P domain that is necessary and sufficient to determine the replication and pathogenesis of the MNV clones MNV1.CW3 and CR6.STL1 in C57BL/6 background STAT1 ؊/؊ mice. Furthermore, we describe how the role of residue 296 in MNV virulence differs between STAT1 ؊/؊ mouse strains. We also describe potential interactions between subdomains of the P domain, as well as between other virus elements, which facilitate recovery of MNV using a reverse-genetics system.

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“…In the meantime, CNS complications have also been reported in gastroenteritis due to other viruses such as norovirus 40 and adenovirus 41 . [58][59][60][61] , attention has also shifted to further understanding the neurologic sequelae and disease burden of congenital CMV disease and non-immunocompromised hosts.…”

Section: Example 1: the Discussion Around Rotavirus Encephalitis/ Encmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Value of Standardized Case Definitions in Encephalitis Clinical Research

Rath¹

2011

Pathogenesis of Encephalitis

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Norovirus Encephalopathy in a Previously Healthy Child

Cited by 26 publications

References 10 publications

Norovirus

Norovirus

Protruding Domain of Capsid Protein Is Necessary and Sufficient To Determine Murine Norovirus Replication and Pathogenesis In Vivo

The Value of Standardized Case Definitions in Encephalitis Clinical Research

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