Norovirus-specific mucosal antibodies correlate to systemic antibodies and block norovirus virus-like particles binding to histo-blood group antigens

Tamminen, Kirsi; Malm, Maria; Vesikari, Timo; Blazevic, Vesna

doi:10.1016/j.clim.2018.09.009

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…In the previous studies, humoral and salivary NV-IgA showed protection against severe NV infection among children but NV-IgA in breast milk against NV-associated diarrhea in infants has not been reported [38] , [39] , [40] . To our knowledge, this is the first study, which was able to collect samples from mother-infant pairs and evaluated for breast milk IgA against different NV VLPs when NV was detected for the first time in infants’ life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Norovirus-specific immunoglobulin A in breast milk for protection against norovirus-associated diarrhea among infants

et al. 2020

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Background Norovirus (NV) causes acute gastroenteritis in infants. Humoral and fecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses have been correlated with protection against NV; however, the role of breast milk IgA against NV infection and associated diarrhea is still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the protective role of NV-specific IgA (NV-IgA) in breast milk. Methods Ninety-five breast milk samples collected from mothers enrolled in a 2016–2017 Peruvian birth cohort study were tested for total IgA and NV-IgA by ELISA using GII·4 variants and non-GII·4 genotype virus-like particles (VLPs). Breast milk samples were grouped according to the NV infection and diarrheal status of infants: NV positive with diarrhea (NV+D+, n=18); NV positive without diarrhea (NV+D-, n=37); and NV negative without diarrhea (NV-D-, n=40). The percent positivity and titer of NV-IgA were compared among groups. The cross-reactivity was estimated based on the correlation of ratio between NV-IgA against GII·4 variants and non-GII·4 genotype VLPs. Findings NV-IgA had high positivity rates against different VLPs, especially against GII (89–100%). The NV+D- group had higher percent positivity (89% vs. 61%, p=0·03) and median titer (1:100 vs 1:50, p=0·03) of NV-IgA than the NV+D+ group against GI·1 VLPs. A relatively high correlation between different GII·4 variants (0·87) and low correlation between genogroups (0·23–0·37) were observed. Interpretation Mothers with high positivity rates and titers of NV-IgA in breast milk had NV infected infants with reduced diarrheal symptoms. Antigenic relatedness to the genetic diversity of human norovirus was suggested. Funding National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health: 1R01AI108695–01A1 and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Fostering Joint International Research B):19KK0241

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Norovirus-specific immunoglobulin A in breast milk for protection against norovirus-associated diarrhea among infants

et al. 2020

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“…The study protocol and the consent forms had been approved by the ethics committee in the hospital districts and the patients or the legal guardians volunteered for the study after having given an informed consent. A total of 22 pre-pandemic individual serum or plasma samples were collected from 11 adult volunteers (laboratory personnel, age range 26–56 years) during 2012–2019, previously used to study norovirus serology by our laboratory [ 23 , 24 ]. Six adult volunteers gave 2–4 longitudinally well-spaced serum/plasma samples (median time between serum collection was 18 months).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactivity of endemic coronavirus OC43 and 229E antibodies in Finnish children and adults

Tamminen

Salminen

Blazevic

2021

Clinical Immunology

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Endemic human coronaviruses (hCoVs) are common causative agents of respiratory tract infections, affecting especially children. However, in the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, children are the least affected age-group. The objective of this study was to investigate the magnitude of endemic hCoVs antibodies in Finnish children and adults, and pre-pandemic antibody cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV-2. Antibody levels against endemic hCoVs start to rise at a very early age, reaching to overall 100% seroprevalence. No difference in the antibody levels was detected for OC43 but the magnitude of 229E-specific antibodies was significantly higher in the sera of children. OC43 and 229E hCoV antibody levels of children correlated significantly with each other and with the level of cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, whereas these correlations completely lacked in adults. Although none of the sera showed SARS-CoV-2 neutralization, the higher overall hCoV cross-reactivity observed in children might, at least partially, contribute in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection in this population.

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“…Human IgG mAbs have also been generated from the PBMCs of naturally-infected patients, three of which showed GII.4 neutralization in vitro [118,119]. Additionally, the protective activity of HuNoV systemic antibodies may correlate with that of mucosal antibodies, as both antibody populations have shown ligand blockade activity in surrogate neutralization assays [120].…”

Section: Isolation and Characterization Of Norovirus Monoclonal Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Antigenic Topology of Norovirus as Defined by B and T Cell Epitope Mapping: Implications for Universal Vaccines and Therapeutics

Sels

Green

2019

Viruses

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Human norovirus (HuNoV) is the leading cause of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis. Vaccine design has been confounded by the antigenic diversity of these viruses and a limited understanding of protective immunity. We reviewed 77 articles published since 1988 describing the isolation, function, and mapping of 307 unique monoclonal antibodies directed against B cell epitopes of human and murine noroviruses representing diverse Genogroups (G). Of these antibodies, 91, 153, 21, and 42 were reported as GI-specific, GII-specific, MNV GV-specific, and G cross-reactive, respectively. Our goal was to reconstruct the antigenic topology of noroviruses in relationship to mapped epitopes with potential for therapeutic use or inclusion in universal vaccines. Furthermore, we reviewed seven published studies of norovirus T cell epitopes that identified 18 unique peptide sequences with CD4- or CD8-stimulating activity. Both the protruding (P) and shell (S) domains of the major capsid protein VP1 contained B and T cell epitopes, with the majority of neutralizing and HBGA-blocking B cell epitopes mapping in or proximal to the surface-exposed P2 region of the P domain. The majority of broadly reactive B and T cell epitopes mapped to the S and P1 arm of the P domain. Taken together, this atlas of mapped B and T cell epitopes offers insight into the promises and challenges of designing universal vaccines and immunotherapy for the noroviruses.

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Norovirus-specific mucosal antibodies correlate to systemic antibodies and block norovirus virus-like particles binding to histo-blood group antigens

Cited by 13 publications

References 68 publications

Norovirus-specific immunoglobulin A in breast milk for protection against norovirus-associated diarrhea among infants

Norovirus-specific immunoglobulin A in breast milk for protection against norovirus-associated diarrhea among infants

Seroprevalence and SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactivity of endemic coronavirus OC43 and 229E antibodies in Finnish children and adults

The Antigenic Topology of Norovirus as Defined by B and T Cell Epitope Mapping: Implications for Universal Vaccines and Therapeutics

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