North American Guidelines for Children's Agricultural Tasks: Five-year assessment and priorities for the future

Doty, Brit; Marlenga, Barbara

doi:10.1002/ajim.20386

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…27 These guidelines were developed for farm parents to gauge when a child was developmentally ready for specific farm tasks. The guidelines were initially shown to be both quite popular 28 and efficacious. 29 However, it remains unclear whether such guidelines have had sustained impacts on child farm injury rates, and whether farm owner-operators who embrace a risk-taking culture would use them as intended.…”

Section: Crudementioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational transfer of occupational risks on family farms

Norman

Dosman

Voaklander

et al. 2021

The Journal of Rural Health

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Background: Cultures of safety in farm work settings are under the authority of a responsible owner-operator, who establishes rules, attitudes, and behaviors for farm work practices. This novel analysis provides new evidence to show that risks that can lead to injury and are commonly practiced on Canadian farms are indeed transferred between generations. Methods:Baseline data were provided by representatives from eligible and consenting farms (n = 589) in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, during the first quarter of 2013. Mailed questionnaires were sent to participating farms and completed by a single respondent. Questionnaires included scaled assessments of hazards and safety practices by farm operators, and young workers on each farm. Descriptive and multiple regression analyses were used to examine relationships between farm owner-operator risks and safety practices and those reported for the young workers.Findings: Graphical descriptive analyses showed that as farm owner-operator risks increased, so did those reported for children and young workers. Similarly, as farm owner-operator safe work practices increased, young worker hazards decreased, albeit more modestly. The young worker hazard scale increased by 0.20 (95% CI: 0.10-0.30) points, and decreased by 0.08 (95% CI: -0.016 to -0.000) points for each onepoint increase in the owner-operator hazard and safe work practices scales, respectively.Conclusions: Occupational health and safety risks and protections experienced on farms appear to be transferred between generations. This suggests the need to target farm owner-operators, the responsible authority on the farm, as a focus of primary prevention strategies aimed at injury risks to children and young workers.determinants of health, epidemiology, farming, occupational health and safety, young workers Family farms provide an opportunity to pass down traditions of hard work, valuable occupational skills and abilities, and family values. Some of these traditions, however, can have a negative side with respect to rural health. There is a quiet epidemic of traumatic farm injuries that are disproportionately experienced by farm children, which may be related to cultures of safety and risk-taking that are also passed down through generations.In the occupational health and safety literature, cultures of safety have been shown to be set and enforced by the persons in authority over the workplace. 1,2 This is undoubtedly true on North American

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Section: Crudementioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational transfer of occupational risks on family farms

Norman

Dosman

Voaklander

et al. 2021

The Journal of Rural Health

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“…ATVs, in particular, have been recognized as significant causes of severe injury, 22,23 especially in the rural population where these vehicles are used for both recreation and service. 4,5,11 The North American Guidelines for Children's Agricultural Tasks have been developed to decrease childhood farming-related injuries by outlining appropriate farming tasks for a child's developmental stage. 24 -28 A recent position article from the Ontario Medical Association more conservatively states that children younger than 14 years are not allowed to operate ATVs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injury Patterns and Psychological Traits of Patients With Self-Inflicted Wounds Produced by Punching Glass: Erratum

2010

Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection &Amp; Critical Care

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“…There is a growing number of epidemiologic studies of injuries to farm children which describe risk factors, medical outcomes, and injury agents (12,13). As a result, interventions have been evaluated and policies recommended to prevent child agricultural injuries (14)(15)(16)(17)(18). Similarly, there are recognized hazards in the agricultural environment, such as chemicals, gases, extreme climate conditions, physical hazards including noise, and zoonotic diseases which threaten the health of agricultural youth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health of agricultural adolescents and adults: Preliminary results of a five-year study

Rudolphi

Berg²

2023

Front. Public Health

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Background:Work-related stressors common to agriculture have been associated with adverse mental health outcomes among adult farmers and ranchers. However, the mental health status of agricultural youth is unknown, despite farm and ranch youth being exposed to the same occupational hazards as their adult counterparts. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety among farm adults and their adolescent child and examine the correlation between symptoms of mental health conditions and financial indicators described in the Family Stress Model (FSM).MethodsFarm families were recruited to participate in online surveys by mail, email, and social media. One adolescent and at least one adult from each family were invited to complete on online survey. Where available, validated instruments were used to collect mental health, stress, family dynamics, and household financial variables. Descriptive statistics were used to describe sample demographics and prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety. Pearson correlations describe associations between variables within the Family Stress Model.ResultsFarm families (N = 122) completed the online survey. The mean age of farm parents was 41.4 years (SD = 4.4) and the mean age of farm adolescents was 15.4 (1.2). A majority of farm parents and farm adolescents were male, 58.2% and 70.5%, respectively. The sample was primarily white, non-Hispanic. In this sample of farm parents and adolescents alike, 60% met the criteria for at least mild depression, based on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Patient Health Questionnaire-A (PHQ-A). Similarly, among adolescents, 45.1% met the criteria for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), as did 54.9% of adults. As a measure of economic hardship, per capita income by itself showed relatively low correlations, even with other economic measures (r = 0.11 with negative financial events, r = 0.20 with financial needs, r = 0.17 with financial situation, and r = 0.27 with debt). Parent depressed mood was in turn highly associated with adolescent depression (r = 0.83), social anxiety (r = 0.54), and generalized anxiety (r = 0.69).ConclusionsThe results show a strong association between parent and adolescent mental health and parental depressed mood and debt. There is not a clear association between economic stress and mental health in this sample, but further work is needed to be done at a population level. Preliminary results are promising for application of the full Family Stress Model as we continue to accrue farm families into the study cohort.

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North American Guidelines for Children's Agricultural Tasks: Five-year assessment and priorities for the future

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Intergenerational transfer of occupational risks on family farms

Intergenerational transfer of occupational risks on family farms

Injury Patterns and Psychological Traits of Patients With Self-Inflicted Wounds Produced by Punching Glass: Erratum

Mental health of agricultural adolescents and adults: Preliminary results of a five-year study

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