A round the world, countries and communities are addressing a diverse set of global health challenges. The range of global health problems include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and other infectious diseases, sexual and reproductive health, child health, chronic diseases, climate change, nutrition and food security, and health systems strengthening. Solutions to these profound global health issues, as well as their programmatic implementation, require the effective mobilization of science, technology, and interdisciplinary research.Funding for global health has increased substantially from all sources-government and private-over the past 10 years. Worldwide, health-related assistance from the Development Assistance Committee members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development