North Korea’s Shift to Organic Farming and the Role of Microbial and Organic Fertilizers

Abstract

Sustainable agricultural practices have become globally important. This trend is linked to growing concerns regarding environmental degradation, resource scarcity, and food security. This review explores the transition of North Korea to organic farming and highlights how microbial and organic fertilizers have been integral in facilitating this process. The primary source of information that underlies this review was studies conducted in North Korea. As a country that has faced a wide range of socioeconomic crises over the past few decades, including those directly impacting food security, North Korea has been exploring options to improve soil health and enhance crop production. To address these issues, North Korea has adopted organic farming practices. Alongside organic farming, efforts are underway to enhance crop productivity by implementing programs that monitor and prevent pathogen and pest infestations. Overall, the cornerstone of North Korea's organic farming model is the "Circular Closed-Loop Production System" which is largely rooted in self-sustaining agricultural cycles. These cycles include integrating crop cultivation and livestock production systems with multiple components. In conclusion, the progress North Korea has made in its implementation of organic farming practices highlights the feasibility of using organic and microbial fertilizers to address agricultural challenges and promote sustainable agriculture.