Northern geometrid forest pests (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) hatch at lower temperatures than their southern conspecifics: Implications of climate change

Fält-Nardmann, Julia; Klemola, Tero; Roth, Mechthild; Ruohomäki, Kai; Saikkonen, Kari

doi:10.14411/eje.2016.043

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Damage to foliage of deciduous forest trees is often caused by several co-occurring species [3,39,42]. However, questions about the synchronisation of their population dynamics, or their outbreaks, have not been answered [49]. Many studies have proposed that particular geometrids, in agreement with our results, are not synchronised with each other (or with the population cycle of the well-known species, O. brumata) [50][51][52][53].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Winter Geometrid Moths in Oak Forests: Is Monitoring a Single Species Reliable to Predict Defoliation Risk?

Sarvašová

Kulfan

Saniga

et al. 2020

Forests

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Species within the group of winter moths (Geometridae) are important oak defoliators in European forests. Adults of these species emerge either in late autumn (‘autumn species’) or in early spring (‘spring species’), and caterpillars of both ‘autumn’ and ‘spring’ species appear in spring. The abundance of adults assessed by regular monitoring allows the prediction of the defoliation intensity in trees by caterpillars in the following spring. ‘Autumn species’ (mostly a single one, Operophtera brumata) are monitored by forestry practices as pests, whereas ‘spring species’ are often not paid any attention. We hypothesised that ‘spring species’ could also have an important share in caterpillar assemblages in oak forests. We aimed to study the proportions between ‘autumn’ and ‘spring’ species in adult and larval stages. In a xeric thermophilous oak forest in southern Slovakia, Central Europe, we collected adult moths using sticky bands set up on trunks of Quercus pubescens during the winter of 2014–2015 and caterpillars from other trees belonging to the same oak species over the following spring. We also captured caterpillars from several oak species in various areas and over different years in Slovakia and Bulgaria, and we compiled relevant literature data. ‘Spring species’ recorded from a unique forest as adults during winter and as caterpillars in the following spring were significantly more abundant than ‘autumn species.’ Moreover, ‘spring species’ from Slovakian forests, regardless of the locality, the oak species and the year of sampling, reached high proportions, mostly over 50% of individuals in caterpillar assemblages. The ‘spring species’ Agriopis leucophaearia was the most abundant, followed by the ‘autumn species’ Operophtera brumata. ‘Spring species’ accounted for more than 50% of individuals in caterpillar assemblages in the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgaria) concerning one case, and they were of little importance in northern Greece. We recommend monitoring all winter moth adults (‘autumn’ and ‘spring’ species together) continuously in forestry practices, using sticky bands on oak trees from late autumn to early spring.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Winter Geometrid Moths in Oak Forests: Is Monitoring a Single Species Reliable to Predict Defoliation Risk?

Sarvašová

Kulfan

Saniga

et al. 2020

Forests

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“…Polymorphisms in physical characteristics are often observed across the distributions of some invasive or pest insects (e.g., Pener & Simpson, 2009), as well as developmental trait changes in response to temperature gradients, such as changes in hatching time (Falt-Nardmann, Klemola, Roth, Ruohomaki, & Saikkonen, 2016), diapause (Moraiti, Nakas, & Papadopoulos, 2014) and voltinism (Yamanaka, Tatsuki, & Shimada, 2008). In insects, morphological traits relevant for dispersal (e.g., wing presence, wing length), thermoregulation (e.g., melanism) and fecundity (e.g., body size) can offer fitness advantages across variable environments (Roff, 1986;Rosetti & Remis, 2018;Tanaka, Harano, & Nishide, 2012;Trullas, van Wyk, & Spotila, 2007), and may lead to selection at the genomic level (Bai, Dong, Guan, Xie, & Xu, 2016;Brisson, 2010;Maeno & Tanaka, 2010;Zhang, Brisson, & Xu, 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection of environmental and morphological adaptation despite high landscape genetic connectivity in a pest grasshopper (Phaulacridium vittatum)

2019

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Widespread species that exhibit both high gene flow and the capacity to occupy heterogeneous environments make excellent models for examining local selection processes along environmental gradients. Here we evaluate the influence of temperature and landscape variables on genetic connectivity and signatures of local adaptation in Phaulacridium vittatum, a widespread agricultural pest grasshopper, endemic to Australia. With sampling across a 900‐km latitudinal gradient, we genotyped 185 P. vittatum from 19 sites at 11,408 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using ddRAD sequencing. Despite high gene flow across sites (pairwise FST = 0.0003–0.08), landscape genetic resistance modelling identified a positive nonlinear effect of mean annual temperature on genetic connectivity. Urban areas and water bodies had a greater influence on genetic distance among sites than pasture, agricultural areas and forest. Together, FST outlier tests and environmental association analysis (EAA) detected 242 unique SNPs under putative selection, with the highest numbers associated with latitude, mean annual temperature and body size. A combination of landscape genetic connectivity analysis together with EAA identified mean annual temperature as a key driver of both neutral gene flow and environmental selection processes. Gene annotation of putatively adaptive SNPs matched with gene functions for olfaction, metabolic detoxification and ultraviolet light shielding. Our results imply that this widespread agricultural pest has the potential to spread and adapt under shifting temperature regimes and land cover change.

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“…Structural variations such as chromosome inversion that inhibit recombination would restrict gene reshuffling in heterozygotes and maintain adaptative or maladaptative genotypes with linkage (Kirkpatrick & Barton 2006; Roesti et al, 2022). Meanwhile, biotic and abiotic stress that mediated local adaptation would be barrier of gene flow in adaptative loci during homogenization of global genetic variation in differentiated lineages (Tigano et al, 2016). Therefore, investigating the interplay of gene flow, local adaptation and chromosome structural variation would benefit identification of adaptative genes in local populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For insect species, forecasting seasonal changes and responding to them in an appropriate way are species' specific requirements to live in high latitudes or altitudes (Hoikkala & Poikela, 2022). Since temperature and photoperiod are generally reliable indicators of seasonality that have shaped life histories of many temperate climate organisms (Fält-Nardmann et al, 2016), efficient adaptations to thermal stress and photoperiod such as diapause ensure survival and succession of local populations during long overwintering periods (Toepfer et al, 2014). Several pathways have been identified to be underlying the genetic and physiological mechanisms of diapause regulation and evolution (Ragland et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Z chromosomal inversion and lineage-specific sweeps reveal widespread local adaptation inHelicoverpa armigera

2023

Preprint

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Efficient pest management requires comprehensive knowledge of its biology, ecology, and evolution, particularly adaptation that exacerbating pest damage.Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner) is a notorious pest that attacks more than 200 species, adapts to diverse environments, and has developed resistance to almost all applied insecticides. However, local adaptation of this species especially acclimatization was less investigated. Here, we analyzed genomic variation ofHelicoverpa armigerain China and Oceania to identify adaptative loci in different lineages. Despite intensive gene flow, two differentiated Z chromosomal lineages in Central China (i.e., northern and southern lineages) were formed by chromosome inversion and local adaptation. Based on population genomic analysis, we identified genes related to circadian clock (period,cycle,cyr2anddaywake), insulin secretion (IGF2BP2) and energy metabolism (SLC25A25,CCG7766,D11DS,TSTPandCPQ) were under selection in northern lineage. These genes may have contributed to its adaptation to high latitudes. In the southern lineage however, the Z chromosome inversion harbours alleles of two clock genes (periodandcycle) introgressed from Oceanian lineage (H. a. conferta) and may have disrupted clock oscillator for acclimatization. We further conducted selective sweep analysis in lineages from Northwestern China, Central China, and Oceania, and found several insecticide resistant genes that shared among different lineages were likely contributed by introgression. Nevertheless, many candidates, including a cadherin that involved in resistance toBacillus thuringiensisprotein in Oceanian populations, are lineage-specific. Our results highlight the importance of investigating local adaptation in effective pest control under globalization of agriculture.

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Northern geometrid forest pests (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) hatch at lower temperatures than their southern conspecifics: Implications of climate change

Cited by 7 publications

References 46 publications

Winter Geometrid Moths in Oak Forests: Is Monitoring a Single Species Reliable to Predict Defoliation Risk?

Winter Geometrid Moths in Oak Forests: Is Monitoring a Single Species Reliable to Predict Defoliation Risk?

Detection of environmental and morphological adaptation despite high landscape genetic connectivity in a pest grasshopper (Phaulacridium vittatum)

Characterization of Z chromosomal inversion and lineage-specific sweeps reveal widespread local adaptation inHelicoverpa armigera

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