Northern Ocean Inventories of Organochlorine and Heavy Metal Contamination

Crane, Kathleen; Galasso, Jennifer; Brown, Clare; Cherkashov, Georgy; Ivanov, G. I.; Petrova, V. I.; Vanstayan, Boris

doi:10.1016/s0025-326x(01)00084-4

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…In the lower section of the table, the information is summarised as typical ranges of concentration found at different levels of pollution, and reported limits of biological effects are indicated. References: 1) several authors, compiled in Crane et al. (2001); 2) Soto‐Jiménez et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has given rise to a practically ubiquitous background contamination reaching areas as remote as the Arctic (Bindler et al. , 2001; Crane et al. , 2001) and remote oceanic areas (Veron et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trace elements occur in the atmosphere as, or adsorbed to, particulates, and these atmospheric aerosols can travel long distances before being redeposited (Patterson & Settle, 1987). This has given rise to a practically ubiquitous background contamination reaching areas as remote as the Arctic (Bindler et al, 2001;Crane et al, 2001) and remote oceanic areas (Veron et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trace elements in alpine and arctic lake sediments as a record of diffuse atmospheric contamination across Europe

et al. 2009

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1. We surveyed the distribution of several trace elements in contemporary and preindustrial sediment s in 275 lakes in alpine and arctic lake districts across Europe including the Pyrenees, Alps, the Rila Mountains, Retezat, Julian Alps, Tatras, Scottish mountains, Central Norway and Greenland. 2. Sediment cores were collected at the deepest part of each lake and analysed at two depths (surface sediment and at 15-17 cm depth) for Ti, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, As, Hg and Se. 3. The concentrations of trace elements found in the lakes included in the survey are comparable to those reported in aquatic sediments receiving higher contamination loads. With the exception of Greenland, a large percentage of lakes showed enrichment factors for most elements well above 1.5, indicating atmospheric contamination. The influence of contamination has increased the co-distribution of trace elements in sediments, with the exception of As. 4. Pb is the element that shows the highest contamination level at the European scale, followed by Hg and As. Zn, Cd, Cu and Se contamination is detectable to a lower degree. 5. The Tatra Mountains and Scotland seem to be most affected. Natural mechanisms leading to the formation of highly organic, metal-binding sediments may be the cause of the high levels in Scotland, whereas those in the Tatras appear to be due to elevated deposition. 6. The Retezat and Central Norway appear to be least polluted. 7. In the Alps, enrichments in Pb, Hg and Zn are higher in southern than in central areas suggesting a flux of these pollutants from the south. In the Pyrenees, the high natural levels of As are remarkable. Metal enrichments in the Rila Mountains are comparable to those in the Tatras, but concentrations are much lower. 8. In general terms, the increase in trace elements in modern with respect to pre-industrial sediments reflects the history of a long range contamination affecting the remotest locations in Europe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trace elements in alpine and arctic lake sediments as a record of diffuse atmospheric contamination across Europe

et al. 2009

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“…; Martin et al, ; Gordeev et al, ; Stein & Macdonald, ; Bring et al, ), and anthropogenic pollutants (i.e., radioactive elements, heavy metals, etc. ; Nies et al, ; Crane et al, ) onto the shelves (see above) where it is accumulated or further transported by different mechanisms (sea ice, icebergs, turbidity currents, etc.) toward the open ocean (e.g., Stein, for review).…”

Section: The Arctic Ocean: Characteristics and Significance For The Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Martin et al, 1993;Gordeev et al, 1996;Stein & Macdonald, 2004;Bring et al, 2016), and anthropogenic pollutants (i.e., radioactive elements, heavy metals, etc. ; Nies et al, 1998;Crane et al, 2001)…”

Section: Sea-ice Covermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Late Mesozoic‐Cenozoic Arctic Ocean Climate and Sea Ice History: A Challenge for Past and Future Scientific Ocean Drilling

Stein

2019

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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Over the past 3-4 decades, coincident with global warming and atmospheric CO 2 increase, Arctic sea ice has significantly decreased in its extent as well as in thickness. When extrapolating this alarming trend, the central Arctic Ocean might become ice-free during summers within about the next 2-5 decades. Paleoclimate records allow us to better understand the processes controlling modern climate change and distinguish between natural and anthropogenic forcing. In this context, detailed studies of the earlier Earth history characterized by a much warmer global climate with elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentrations are important. The main focus of this review paper is the long-term late Mesozoic-Cenozoic Arctic Ocean climate history from Greenhouse to Icehouse conditions, with special emphasis on Arctic sea ice history. Starting with some information on the Cretaceous Arctic Ocean climate, this paper will concentrate on selected results from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 302 (Arctic Ocean Coring Expedition (ACEX)), the first scientific drilling in the permanently ice-covered Arctic Ocean, dealing with the Cenozoic climate history. While these results from ACEX were unprecedented, key questions related to the Cenozoic Arctic climate history remain unanswered, largely due to the major mid-Cenozoic hiatus (if existing) and partly to the poor recovery of the ACEX record. Following-up ACEX and its cutting-edge science, a second scientific drilling on Lomonosov Ridge with a focus on the reconstruction of the continuous and complete Cenozoic Arctic Ocean climate history has currently been proposed and scheduled as IODP Expedition 377 for 2021.

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Sources, fate and distribution of inorganic contaminants in the Svalbard area, representative of a typical Arctic critical environment–a review

Rudnicka-Kępa

Zaborska

2021

Environ Monit Assess

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Global environmental changes not only contribute to the modification of global pollution transport pathways but can also alter contaminant fate within the Arctic. Recent reports underline the importance of secondary sources of pollution, e.g. melting glaciers, thawing permafrost or increased riverine run-off. This article reviews reports on the European Arctic–we concentrate on the Svalbard region–and environmental contamination by inorganic pollutants (heavy metals and artificial radionuclides), including their transport pathways, their fate in the Arctic environment and the concentrations of individual elements in the ecosystem. This review presents in detail the secondary contaminant sources and tries to identify knowledge gaps, as well as indicate needs for further research. Concentrations of heavy metals and radionuclides in Svalbard have been studied, in various environmental elements since the beginning of the twentieth century. In the last 5 years, the highest concentrations of Cd (13 mg kg−1) and As (28 mg kg−1) were recorded for organic-rich soils, while levels of Pb (99 mg kg−1), Hg (1 mg kg−1), Zn (496 mg kg−1) and Cu (688 mg kg−1) were recorded for marine sediments. Increased heavy metal concentrations were also recorded in some flora and fauna species. For radionuclides in the last 5 years, the highest concentrations of 137Cs (4500 Bq kg−1), 238Pu (2 Bq kg−1) and 239 + 240Pu (43 Bq kg−1) were recorded for cryoconites, and the highest concentration of 241Am (570 Bq kg−1) was recorded in surface sediments. However, no contamination of flora and fauna with radionuclides was observed.

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Northern Ocean Inventories of Organochlorine and Heavy Metal Contamination

Cited by 14 publications

References 98 publications

Trace elements in alpine and arctic lake sediments as a record of diffuse atmospheric contamination across Europe

Trace elements in alpine and arctic lake sediments as a record of diffuse atmospheric contamination across Europe

The Late Mesozoic‐Cenozoic Arctic Ocean Climate and Sea Ice History: A Challenge for Past and Future Scientific Ocean Drilling

Sources, fate and distribution of inorganic contaminants in the Svalbard area, representative of a typical Arctic critical environment–a review

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