Northern Polar Coastal Wetlands

Martini, Ivan; Morrison, R. I. Guy; Abraham, Kenneth F.; Sergienko, Liudmila; Jefferies, R. L.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63893-9.00004-6

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Arctic and Antarctic coasts have low human population densities. The development, structure, and land use of northern Polar coastal wetlands has been reviewed by Martini et al (2019). The inhabitants still carry out some traditional activities but there is an increase in economic activities.…”

Section: Human Activities and Anthropogenic Pressures On Coastal Wetlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic, Direct Pressures on Coastal Wetlands

et al. 2020

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Coastal wetlands, such as saltmarshes and mangroves that fringe transitional waters, deliver important ecosystem services that support human development. Coastal wetlands are complex social-ecological systems that occur at all latitudes, from polar regions to the tropics. This overview covers wetlands in five continents. The wetlands are of varying size, catchment size, human population and stages of economic development. Economic sectors and activities in and around the coastal wetlands and their catchments exert multiple, direct pressures. These pressures affect the state of the wetland environment, ecology and valuable ecosystem services. All the coastal wetlands were found to be affected in some ways, irrespective of the conservation status. The main economic sectors were agriculture, animal rearing including aquaculture, fisheries, tourism, urbanization, shipping, industrial development and mining. Specific human activities include land reclamation, damming, draining and water extraction, construction of ponds for aquaculture and salt extraction, construction of ports and marinas, dredging, discharge of effluents from urban and industrial areas and logging, in the case of mangroves, subsistence hunting and oil and gas extraction. The main pressures were loss of wetland habitat, changes in connectivity affecting hydrology and sedimentology, as well as contamination and pollution. These pressures lead to changes in environmental state, such as erosion, subsidence and hypoxia that threaten the sustainability of the wetlands. There are also changes in the state of the ecology, such as loss of saltmarsh plants and seagrasses, and mangrove trees, in tropical wetlands. Changes in the structure and function of the wetland ecosystems affect ecosystem

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Section: Human Activities and Anthropogenic Pressures On Coastal Wetlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic, Direct Pressures on Coastal Wetlands

et al. 2020

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“…(2023) map 4800 km 2 in the high Arctic area; however, given the differences in our mapping approaches, we would predict a much smaller extent than this in these high latitudes. It is important to note that while the tidal marshes in these high northern latitudes tend to be limited in distribution with low diversity, they are extremely vulnerable to environmental change (Adam, 1990, 2002; Chapman, 1974; Martini et al., 2019; Sergienko, 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distribution of global tidal marshes from Earth observation data

Worthington,

Spalding,

Landis

et al. 2024

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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AimTidal marsh ecosystems are heavily impacted by human activities, highlighting a pressing need to address gaps in our knowledge of their distribution. To better understand the global distribution and changes in tidal marsh extent, and identify opportunities for their conservation and restoration, it is critical to develop a spatial knowledge base of their global occurrence. Here, we develop a globally consistent tidal marsh distribution map for the year 2020 at 10‐m resolution.LocationGlobal.Time period2020.Major taxa studiedTidal marshes.MethodsTo map the location of the world's tidal marshes at 10‐m resolution, we applied a random forest classification model to Earth observation data from the year 2020. We trained the classification model with a reference dataset developed to support distribution mapping of coastal ecosystems, and predicted the spatial distribution of tidal marshes between 60° N and 60° S. We validated the tidal marsh map using standard accuracy assessment methods, with our final map having an overall accuracy score of 0.85.ResultsWe estimate the global extent of tidal marshes in 2020 to be 52,880 km2 (95% CI: 32,030 to 59,780 km2) distributed across 120 countries and territories. Tidal marsh distribution is centred in temperate and Arctic regions, with nearly half of the global extent of tidal marshes occurring in the temperate Northern Atlantic (45%) region. At the national scale, over a third of the global extent (18,510 km2; CI: 11,200–20,900) occurs within the USA.Main conclusionsOur analysis provides the most detailed spatial data on global tidal marsh distribution to date and shows that tidal marshes occur in more countries and across a greater proportion of the world's coastline than previous mapping studies. Our map fills a major knowledge gap regarding the distribution of the world's coastal ecosystems and provides the baseline needed for measuring changes in tidal marsh extent and estimating their value in terms of ecosystem services.

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“…Zhang et al (2023) map 4,800 km 2 in the high Arctic area, however given the differences in our mapping approaches, we would predict a much smaller extent than this in these high latitudes. It is important to note that while the tidal marshes in these high northern latitudes tend to be limited in distribution with low diversity, they are extremely vulnerable to environmental change (Adam, 1990(Adam, , 2002Chapman, 1974;Martini et al, 2019;Sergienko, 2013).…”

Section: Challenges and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distribution of global tidal marshes from earth observation data

Worthington

Spalding

Landis

et al. 2023

Preprint

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AimTidal marsh ecosystems are heavily impacted by human activities, highlighting a pressing need to address gaps in our knowledge of their distribution. To better understand the global distribution and changes in tidal marsh extent, and identify opportunities for their conservation and restoration, it is critical to develop a spatial knowledge base of their global occurrence. Here, we develop a globally consistent tidal marsh distribution map for the year 2020 at 10-m resolution.LocationGlobalTime period2020Major taxa studiedTidal marshesMethodsTo map the location of the world's tidal marshes we applied a random forest classification model to earth observation data from the year 2020. We trained the classification model with a reference dataset developed to support distribution mapping of coastal ecosystems, and predicted the spatial distribution of tidal marshes between 60°N to 60°S. We validated the tidal marsh map using standard accuracy assessment methods, with our final map having an overall accuracy score of 0.852.ResultsWe estimate the global extent of tidal marshes in 2020 to be 52,880 km2(95% CI: 32,030 to 59,780 km2) distributed across 120 countries and territories. Tidal marsh distribution is centred in temperate and Arctic regions, with nearly half of the global extent of tidal marshes occurring in the temperate Northern Atlantic (45%) region. At the national scale, over a third of the global extent (18,510 km2; CI: 11,200 — 20,900) occurs within the USA.Main conclusionsOur analysis provides the most detailed spatial data on global tidal marsh distribution to date and shows that tidal marshes occur in more countries and across a greater proportion of the world's coastline than previous mapping studies. Our map fills a major knowledge gap regarding the distribution of the world's coastal ecosystems and provides the baseline needed for measuring changes in tidal marsh extent and estimating their value in terms of ecosystem services

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Northern Polar Coastal Wetlands

Cited by 7 publications

References 55 publications

Anthropogenic, Direct Pressures on Coastal Wetlands

Anthropogenic, Direct Pressures on Coastal Wetlands

The distribution of global tidal marshes from Earth observation data

The distribution of global tidal marshes from earth observation data

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