Norwalk-Like Viral Gastroenteritis Outbreak in U.S. Army Trainees

Arness, M K; Feighner, Brian H.; Canham, Michelle L.; Taylor, David N.; Monroe, Stephan S.; Cieslak, Theodore J.; Hoedebecke, Edward; Polyak, Christina S.; Cuthie, Judith C.; Fankhauser, Rebecca L.; Humphrey, Charles D.; Barker, Tamra L.; Jenkins, Chris D.; Skillman, Donald R.

doi:10.3201/eid0602.009918

Cited by 43 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…1 Unpublished data obtained using VLP reagents. 2 Previous results using HV VLPs alone showed no binding to any carbohydrates tested (27), whereas results from this study demonstrated slight binding of VLPs to Le b , but only in the presence of stool extract. 3 Observation made by Hutson et al using baculovirus-expressed recombinant NV VLPs (33).…”

Section: Figurecontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…Noroviruses are transmitted via ingestion of feces-contaminated water and food, exposure to aerosolized feces and vomitus, exposure to contaminated surfaces, and direct person-to-person contact, with disease symptoms including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Outbreaks typically occur in areas of close human contact such as schools, day care centers, medical care facilities, cruise ships, and the military (2,10,22).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Norovirus Capture with Histo-Blood Group Antigens Reveals Novel Virus-Ligand Interactions

Harrington¹,

Vinjé²,

Moe

et al. 2004

J Virol

127

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Section: Figurecontrasting

confidence: 49%

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confidence: 99%

Norovirus Capture with Histo-Blood Group Antigens Reveals Novel Virus-Ligand Interactions

Harrington¹,

Vinjé²,

Moe

et al. 2004

J Virol

127

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“…Among 99 military trainees with norovirus infection, 88% had nausea, and 80% vomited, while 76% complained of abdominal pain, 67% had diarrhea, 47% had fever or chills, and 22% had headache (40). The temperature exceeded 100.4°F in 17% of subjects, while 17% had leukocytosis and 37% had thrombocytopenia.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norovirus

2015

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SUMMARY Norovirus, an RNA virus of the family Caliciviridae , is a human enteric pathogen that causes substantial morbidity across both health care and community settings. Several factors enhance the transmissibility of norovirus, including the small inoculum required to produce infection (<100 viral particles), prolonged viral shedding, and its ability to survive in the environment. In this review, we describe the basic virology and immunology of noroviruses, the clinical disease resulting from infection and its diagnosis and management, as well as host and pathogen factors that complicate vaccine development. Additionally, we discuss overall epidemiology, infection control strategies, and global reporting efforts aimed at controlling this worldwide cause of acute gastroenteritis. Prompt implementation of infection control measures remains the mainstay of norovirus outbreak management.

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“…Such outbreaks can occur in a variety of settings, affecting all ages, including child care centers, schools, restaurants, summer camps, hospitals, nursing homes, cruise ships, and military settings. NV outbreaks have been a serious problem in nursing homes for the elderly (3,10,21), on board large commercial cruise ships (11,30), and in military camps and battleships during deployment and wartime (1,2,15,36).…”

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confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Antibodies against Noroviruses among Students in a Chinese Military Medical University

Dai¹,

Nie²,

Zhang

et al. 2004

J Clin Microbiol

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Noroviruses (NVs) are important causes of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans, but the role of NVs as a cause of diseases in the Chinese people, particularly in Chinese military personnel, remains unclear. This study investigated antibody prevalence and factors that associate with the prevalence of antibody to NVs among students attending a military medical university. Serum specimens were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin G antibody to recombinant capsid antigens of three NVs (rNorwalk, rMxV, and rVA387). Of 588 serum samples tested, the antibody prevalence was 88.9, 54.1, or 90.0% for the three antigens, respectively. There were significant differences in the prevalence of antibody to rMxV between blood types (P < 0.05); the prevalence for type O was the highest (62.5%), and the prevalence for type B was the lowest (49.1%). The average optical density values for antibody to rNorwalk and rMxV were lowest among students with type B. The number of students who did not have antibody to any of the three antigens was the highest for blood type B (6.9%) compared to other blood types (0.8 to 3.4% [P < 0.006]). The antibody prevalence also varied with the hometown residencies of the students before joining the military, with the highest rates for students from rural areas, lower rates for students from small towns or villages, and the lowest rates for students from large cities. The numbers of students who did not have antibody to any of the three antigens were highest for students from the large cities, lower for students from small towns or villages, and lowest for students from rural areas. The distribution of ABO blood types did not differ among the three groups. These data suggest that NVs are prevalent in China and that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in NV infection.

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Norwalk-Like Viral Gastroenteritis Outbreak in U.S. Army Trainees

Cited by 43 publications

References 13 publications

Norovirus Capture with Histo-Blood Group Antigens Reveals Novel Virus-Ligand Interactions

Norovirus Capture with Histo-Blood Group Antigens Reveals Novel Virus-Ligand Interactions

Norovirus

Seroprevalence of Antibodies against Noroviruses among Students in a Chinese Military Medical University

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