Norwegian scabies in a renal transplant patient

Sampathkumar, K; Mahaldar, AR; Ramakrishnan, Muthiah; Prabahar, Senthil S

doi:10.4103/0971-4065.65302

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Insects (ectoparasites) . In Europe, a rare and severe form of Sarcoptes scabiei infestation called Norwegian scabies (crusted scabies) was observed after KTx [ 64 , 65 ]. It is a fulminant and highly infectious form due to inability of immune system to control the proliferation of the scabies mite [ 65 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic Infections Associated with Unfavourable Outcomes in Transplant Recipients

Wołyniec

Sulima²,

Renke

et al. 2018

Medicina

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Introduction. The immunosuppression used after transplantation (Tx) is associated with an increased risk of opportunistic infections. In Europe, parasitic infections after Tx are much less common than viral, bacterial and fungal ones. However, diseases caused by parasites are very common in tropical countries. In the last years the number of travellers with immunosuppression visiting tropical countries has increased. Methods. We performed a literature review to evaluate a risk of parasitic infections after Tx in Europe. Results. There is a real risk of parasitic infection in patients after Tx travelling to tropical countries. Malaria, leishmaniasis, strongyloidiasis and schistosomiasis are the most dangerous and relatively common. Although the incidence of these tropical infections after Tx has not increased, the course of disease could be fatal. There are also some cosmopolitan parasitic infections dangerous for patients after Tx. The greatest threat in Europe is toxoplasmosis, especially in heart and bone marrow recipients. The most severe manifestations of toxoplasmosis are myocarditis, encephalitis and disseminated disease. Diarrhoea is one of the most common symptoms of parasitic infection. In Europe the most prevalent pathogens causing diarrhoea are Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium. Conclusions. Solid organ and bone marrow transplantations, blood transfusions and immunosuppressive treatment are associated with a small but real risk of parasitic infections in European citizens. In patients with severe parasitic infection, i.e., those with lung or brain involvement or a disseminated disease, the progression is very rapid and the prognosis is bad. Establishing a diagnosis before the patient’s death is challenging.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic Infections Associated with Unfavourable Outcomes in Transplant Recipients

Wołyniec

Sulima²,

Renke

et al. 2018

Medicina

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“…With these altered immune mechanisms, transplant patients on immunosuppressive therapy are at risk for developing CS. CS infestation has been widely documented in the adult post renal transplant population juvenile dermatomyositis, Down syndrome, and children living with HIV .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The European guideline recommends a combination of a systemic ivermectin with several applications of a topical scabicide, that is, permethrin 5% cream or benzyl benzoate lotion 25% . The use and the efficacy of ivermectin in the treatment of CS have been widely documented in the adult population; Ivermectin is not recommended for young children (<5 years old or <15 kg). There are no data on its safety in the pediatric population .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crusted scabies in a pediatric renal transplant recipient on immunosuppressants

Ede

Gündüz

Modi

2020

Transplant Infectious Dis

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Background Crusted scabies (CS) is a rare, severe and highly contagious form of scabies, which has been reported in immunosuppressed patients. A high index of suspicion and awareness of CS is essential to treat this infestation. Case A 13‐year‐old boy presented with pruritic hyperkeratotic squamous plaques located on both inner wrists, the web spaces of both his hands and his feet, and the genital area of 12 months duration. He was diagnosed with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis at the age of 5 and received a kidney transplant at the age of 9. He has been on a maintenance dose of prednisone (5 mg/d) and mycophenolate mofetil (250 mg/d) for the past 2 years. He had a contact history with a school friend with similar lesions. A skin punch biopsy demonstrated the presence of multiple mites in the stratum corneum confirming the diagnosis of CS. Ivermectin, the recommended drug of choice for crusted scabies, is not available in South Africa. The patient was commenced on topical benzoyl benzoate lotion but discontinued its use because of intolerable irritation. We subsequently prescribed the daily application of topical 5% sulfur in petrolatum to which his pruritus subsided significantly after 2 weeks with resolution of all skin lesions at the end of 8 weeks. Conclusion This case is the first documented report of CS in a pediatric renal transplant patient. Our management highlights that classic formularies of magistral drugs are still effective treatment options and can be used especially when standard therapies cannot be tolerated or when optimum treatments are not available.

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“…The itching and rash each may affect much of the body or be limited to common sites such as the wrist, elbow, armpit, webbing between the fingers, nipple, penis, waist, belt‐line, and buttocks. The rash can also include tiny blisters (vesicles) and scales . Scratching the rash can cause skin sores; sometimes these sores become infected by bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rash can also include tiny blisters (vesicles) and scales. [7][8][9] Scratching the rash can cause skin sores; sometimes these sores become infected by bacteria. The disease may be transmitted from objects but is most often transmitted by direct skin-to-skin contact, with a higher risk with prolonged contact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical ivermectin versus crotamiton cream 10% for the treatment of scabies

2014

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Scabies, known colloquially as the 7-year itch, is a contagious skin infection that occurs among humans and other animals. The treatment of choice is still controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of topical ivermectin vs. crotamiton cream 10% for the treatment of scabies. In total, 340 patients with scabies were enrolled, and randomized into two groups. The first group received 1% ivermectin applied topically to the affected skin. The dose employed was 400 μg/kg, repeated once the following week, and the second group received crotamiton 10% cream and were told to apply this twice daily for five consecutive days. Treatment was evaluated at intervals of two and four weeks, and if there was treatment failure at the 2-week follow-up, treatment was repeated. Two applications of topical ivermectin provided a cure rate of 64.7% at the 2-week follow-up, which increased to 82.3% at the 4-week follow-up after repeating the treatment. Treatment with single applications of crotamiton cream 10% was effective in 41.2% of patients at the 2-week follow-up, which increased to 64.7% at the 4-week follow-up after this treatment was repeated. Ivermectin was quite safe in our cases. Two applications of ivermectin were as effective as single applications of crotamiton 10% cream at the 2-week follow-up. After repeating the treatment, ivermectin was superior to crotamiton cream 10% at the 4-week follow-up.

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Norwegian scabies in a renal transplant patient

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Parasitic Infections Associated with Unfavourable Outcomes in Transplant Recipients

Parasitic Infections Associated with Unfavourable Outcomes in Transplant Recipients

Crusted scabies in a pediatric renal transplant recipient on immunosuppressants

Topical ivermectin versus crotamiton cream 10% for the treatment of scabies

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