Nosewitness Identification: Effects of Negative Emotion

Alho, Laura; Soares, Sandra C.; Ferreira, Jacqueline; Rocha, Marta; Silva, Carlos Fernandes da; Olsson, Mats Joakim Robert

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116706

Cited by 12 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Nonetheless, human chemosignalling research has revealed that stable and temporal features of a sender are communicated through the chemical senses ( Lübke and Pause, 2015 ). Especially, when male and female communication via axillary odor is studied, features of a sender affect various levels in a receiver, e.g., social behavior ( Frumin et al, 2015 ), emotional perception ( Zhou and Chen, 2009 ; Albrecht et al, 2011 ), memory function ( Alho et al, 2015 ), social evaluation ( Mitro et al, 2012 ), attractiveness, and mating preferences ( Wedekind and Füri, 1997 ; Thornhill et al, 2003 ; Havlicek et al, 2005 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemosensory Communication of Gender Information: Masculinity Bias in Body Odor Perception and Femininity Bias Introduced by Chemosignals During Social Perception

et al. 2016

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Human body odor is a source of important social information. In this study, we explore whether the sex of an individual can be established based on smelling axillary odor and whether exposure to male and female odors biases chemosensory and social perception. In a double-blind, pseudo-randomized application, 31 healthy normosmic heterosexual male and female raters were exposed to male and female chemosignals (odor samples of 27 heterosexual donors collected during a cardio workout) and a no odor sample. Recipients rated chemosensory samples on a masculinity-femininity scale and provided intensity, familiarity and pleasantness ratings. Additionally, the modulation of social perception (gender-neutral faces and personality attributes) and affective introspection (mood) by male and female chemosignals was assessed. Male and female axillary odors were rated as rather masculine, regardless of the sex of the donor. As opposed to the masculinity bias in the odor perception, a femininity bias modulating social perception appeared. A facilitated femininity detection in gender-neutral faces and personality attributes in male and female chemosignals appeared. No chemosensory effect on mood of the rater was observed. The results are discussed with regards to the use of male and female chemosignals in affective and social communication.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemosensory Communication of Gender Information: Masculinity Bias in Body Odor Perception and Femininity Bias Introduced by Chemosignals During Social Perception

et al. 2016

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“…A number of studies have shown that the performance levels of dogs are typically in the range of 75–90% correct ( Settle et al, 1994 ; Schoon, 1996 ; Marchal et al, 2016 ). Only one study so far has investigated human identification of BO in a forensic set up ( Alho et al, 2015 ; see below).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nosewitness Identification: Effects of Lineup Size and Retention Interval

et al. 2016

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Although canine identification of body odor (BO) has been widely used as forensic evidence, the concept of nosewitness identification by human observers was only recently put to the test. The results indicated that BOs associated with male characters in authentic crime videos could later be identified in BO lineup tests well above chance. To further evaluate nosewitness memory, we assessed the effects of lineup size (Experiment 1) and retention interval (Experiment 2), using a forced-choice memory test. The results showed that nosewitness identification works for all lineup sizes (3, 5, and 8 BOs), but that larger lineups compromise identification performance in similarity to observations from eye- and earwitness studies. Also in line with previous eye- and earwitness studies, but in disagreement with some studies on odor memory, Experiment 2 showed significant forgetting between shorter retention intervals (15 min) and longer retention intervals (1-week) using lineups of five BOs. Altogether this study shows that identification of BO in a forensic setting is possible and has limits and characteristics in line with witness identification through other sensory modalities.

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“…Donors were instructed to refrain Do masculine men smell better? from using fragrant hygiene products (e.g., perfume, body lotions), smoking, eating spicy foods, garlic, and drinking alcohol, the day before the body odor sampling and until the end of the sampling, in order to avoid alterations of their natural body odor (Alho et al 2015).…”

Section: Sampling Of Donors' Body Odormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After they had put on the white cotton t-shirt supplied, donors could also wear their personal clothes if they were clean (and fragrance free). Body odors were collected on the cotton pads attached to their armpits (Alho et al 2015;Mitro et al 2012). Donors wore the t-shirts for periods of 4 hours.…”

Section: Sampling Of Donors' Body Odormentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Masculine Men Smell Better? An Association Between Skin Color Masculinity and Female Preferences for Body Odor

et al. 2017

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2 Do masculine men smell better? AbstractA recent study claimed face skin color as a sexually dimorphic variable that influences attractiveness preferences in mate choice. Thereby, skin color may assume the role of a mate quality signal influencing attractiveness preferences. As body odor is linked to attractiveness, this study aimed to explore whether the odors of men with more masculine facial skin color would be evaluated more positively than odors from less masculine men. Female raters were presented with body odors of 18 men and were asked to rate them in various characteristics.Multilevel modeling revealed that the odors of the donors with more masculine color were rated not only as more attractive, more pleasant, and sexier, but also healthier. This indicates that odor associated with men with more masculine skin color is attractive, just as other sexually dimorphic traits. Furthermore, we found a negative relation between skin color masculinity and perceived odor maleness. Regarding this last finding, a new discussion is introduced with respect to the influence of cognitive stereotypes in odor judgments.Altogether, the study supports the possibility that chemosensory signals may be communicating signs of mate quality associated with masculinity.

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Nosewitness Identification: Effects of Negative Emotion

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Chemosensory Communication of Gender Information: Masculinity Bias in Body Odor Perception and Femininity Bias Introduced by Chemosignals During Social Perception

Chemosensory Communication of Gender Information: Masculinity Bias in Body Odor Perception and Femininity Bias Introduced by Chemosignals During Social Perception

Nosewitness Identification: Effects of Lineup Size and Retention Interval

Do Masculine Men Smell Better? An Association Between Skin Color Masculinity and Female Preferences for Body Odor

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