Nosocomial Infection in Neonates

Newby, Joan

doi:10.1097/01.jpn.0000333923.45575.04

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In an Egyptian study (13) in 2017, the common microorganism was Klebsiella, followed by Escherichia coli. The density of hospital infection (Incidence Density) (number of NI / number of patient/day) x 1000 was in China 1000 / 12.5, in Australia 10,000 / 5, in Colombia 1000 / 6.2, in Italy 1,000 / 6.93, in America 1,000 / 6,9 -8,9, in Egypt 1000 / 13.8 in Turkey was 1000/18.1, and in our research was 9.46 / 1000 (14,15). The average incidence rate of hospital infection was 13.5 days after admission, and the average total accommodation was 14.3 days.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Nosocomial Infection in an Iranian Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Hospital Epidemiology and Risk Factors

Choobdar

Vahedi

Khosravi

et al. 2020

Arch Pediatr Infect Dis

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Background: Hospital-acquired infection is one of the main concerns in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs), leading to increased mortality, hospital stay, and costs. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the risk factors of hospital-acquired infection in NICUs. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, prospective study was conducted in the NICU of Ali Asghar Children Hospital for one year. All admitted newborns were sampled on a simple basis. The criteria for the diagnosis of hospital-acquired infection were based on the definitions of the CDC and the NNIS system. Risk factors such as days of fully catheters usage, nurse-to-patient ratio, history of surgery, prematurity, and mechanical ventilation were considered as variables. The data collection tools consisted of a patient information questionnaire, the monthly report of the hospital infection control committee based on the NNIS system, a daily schedule of all risk factors for each infant, and the monthly nurse-to-patient ratio in the NICU. The STATA software was used for data analysis. Results: In our study, 654 newborns were enrolled. The rate of hospital-acquired infections was 13.5%. Moreover, 80.7% of the cases exhibited sepsis (72.7% diagnosed based on clinical findings and 8% based on positive blood culture). Statistical analysis showed 9% pneumonia cases, 8% surgical site infection cases, and 2.3% urinary tract infection cases. The average time to the occurrence of hospital-acquired infection was 13.5 days after admission. All risk factors were significantly higher in the infected group than in the control group (P = 0.0001). Furthermore, surgical interventions were significantly more in the infected group than in the non-infected group (34.1% vs. 6.7%, respectively, P = 0.0001). The prevalence rates in different weight ranges (less than 1000 g, 1001 to 1500 g, 1501 to 2500, and above 2501 g) were 2.6%, 6.9%, 21.4%, and 69.1%, respectively, in the infected group, which were significantly different from those of the non-infected group (P = 0.0001). The most common etiologic microorganism was Acinetobacter baumannii. Conclusions: Factors such as surgery, the presence of a central venous catheter, and the increased length of hospital stay significantly increased the hospital-acquired infections. Reducing invasive procedures, maintenance of full catheters, and providing optimal nursing care can help control hospital-acquired infections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Nosocomial Infection in an Iranian Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Hospital Epidemiology and Risk Factors

Choobdar

Vahedi

Khosravi

et al. 2020

Arch Pediatr Infect Dis

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“…However, contamination of samples can occur at the time of sampling or during processing because of the ubiquitous presence of S. epidermidis on the skin of health care and laboratory personnel [32]. This may account for the large variances in identification and report of S. epidermidis and other CoNS between laboratories [33]. Furthermore, although CoNS are most frequently isolated from BSIs, other micro-organisms are also sometimes detected along with CoNS [34].…”

Section: Cons-associated Clinical Sepsis In Neonatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the significance of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia in babies and children

Cheung

Otto

2010

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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Purpose of review This review provides an overview of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia/sepsis and Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) infections in neonates and children. Recent findings The incidence of S. epidermidis and CoNS sepsis in neonates is still very high and preventing and treating disease remains difficult. There has been recent progress in understanding pathogenesis of S. epidermidis infection, interaction of S. epidermidis with host defenses, and risk factors for the development of S. epidermidis disease. For example, we have gained more insight into the development of biofilm-associated catheter infections, which are responsible for recurrent CoNS infections in hospitalized premature neonates and are especially difficult to treat owing to intrinsic resistance of biofilms to antibiotics. Summary Biofilm-associated catheter infections by S. epidermidis occur frequently in neonates and adults. S. epidermidis bloodstream infections are particularly problematic in neonates. Prophylaxis in the form of eradicating colonizing S. epidermidis may be a double-edged sword, as S. epidermidis colonization may be beneficial to the host. New drugs may arise from a better understanding of S. epidermidis virulence and analysis of risk factors may help identify neonates susceptible to bacterial sepsis. However, reducing morbidity should always begin by increasing hygiene in hospital settings to reduce the introduction of potentially harmful opportunistic pathogens such as S. epidermidis on indwelling medical devices or during surgery.

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“…Patients in intensive care units (ICUs) are particularly susceptible to HAIs because of their poor health status in addition to the use of invasive equipment like catheters and cannulae. Similarly, infants in neonatal care units (NCUs) have a higher risk of HAIs because of their immature immune systems, their skin does not provide a strong barrier against organisms in the environment and a large number of these infants are premature and often require invasive procedures to sustain their life such as mechanical ventilation and total parenteral nutrition [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological contamination of mobile phones of clinicians in intensive care units and neonatal care units in public hospitals in Kuwait

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThe objective of this study was to explore the prevalence of microbiological contamination of mobile phones that belong to clinicians in intensive care units (ICUs), pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), and neonatal care units (NCUs) in all public secondary care hospitals in Kuwait. The study also aimed to describe mobile phones disinfection practices as well as factors associated with mobile phone contamination.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study that included all clinicians with mobile phones in ICUs, PICUs, and NCUs in all secondary care hospitals in Kuwait. Samples for culture were collected from mobile phones and transported for microbiological identification using standard laboratory methods. Self-administered questionnaire was used to gather data on mobile phones disinfection practices.ResultsOut of 213 mobile phones, 157 (73.7 %, 95 % CI [67.2–79.5 %]) were colonized. Coagulase-negative staphylococci followed by Micrococcus were predominantly isolated from the mobile phones; 62.9 % and 28.6 % of all mobile phones, respectively. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Gram-negative bacteria were identified in 1.4 % and 7.0 % of the mobile phones, respectively. Sixty-eight clinicians (33.5 %) reported that they disinfected their mobile phones, with the majority disinfecting their mobile phones only when they get dirty. The only factor that was significantly associated with mobile phone contamination was whether a clinician has ever disinfected his/her mobile phone; adjusted odds ratio 2.42 (95 % CI [1.08–5.41], p-value = 0.031).ConclusionThe prevalence of mobile phone contamination is high in ICUs, PICUs, and NCUs in public secondary care hospitals in Kuwait. Although some of the isolated organisms can be considered non-pathogenic, various reports described their potential harm particularly among patients in ICU and NCU settings. Isolation of MRSA and Gram-negative bacteria from mobile phones of clinicians treating patients in high-risk healthcare settings is of a major concern, and calls for efforts to consider guidelines for mobile phone disinfection.

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Nosocomial Infection in Neonates

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Nosocomial Infection in an Iranian Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Hospital Epidemiology and Risk Factors

Nosocomial Infection in an Iranian Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Hospital Epidemiology and Risk Factors

Understanding the significance of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia in babies and children

Microbiological contamination of mobile phones of clinicians in intensive care units and neonatal care units in public hospitals in Kuwait

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