Nosocomial infections in post-operative wounds due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Benue State Nigeria

Abstract

Three hundred (300) post-operative wound swab specimens were aseptically collected from four hospitals and investigated. The four hospitals were Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi (FMCM), General Hospital, Gboko (GHG), General Hospital, Otukpo (GHO) and General Hospital North Bank, Makurdi (GHNBM). The swabs were cultured and organisms identified according to standard procedures. A prevalence rate of bacterial isolates (56.7%) was obtained from the post-operative wound sites investigated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most encountered pathogen with 20.3% prevalence rate followed by Staphylococcus aureus (13.0%), while 8.3% accounted for co-infection of both organisms. Other organisms encountered included Klebsiella spp. (4.0%), Escherichia coli (3.3%), atypical coliform (2.7%), and Proteus spp. (2.3%). Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus pyogenes had the least prevalent rate of 1.3% each. Statistically, Chi square analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the number of isolates from FMCM, GHQ, GHO and GHNBM and in the occurrence of both organisms in relation to sex (p˃0.05). The incidence of P. aeruginosa was highest (38.4%) at Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi, compared with other collection points investigated while that of Staphylococcus aureus was highest (37.5%) at FMCM compared with all other collection points' investigated. Antibiogram studies revealed that P. aeruginosa was most susceptible to levoxin to the magnitude of 98.4%. While P. aeruginosa was resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and streptomycin, S. aureus was only resistant to tetracycline. The findings have revealed that nosocomial wound infections remain a menace in medical management of wounds.

Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis in Hospital-Acquired Surgical Wound Infections and Bacteremia: Concomitant Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

“…The isolation rate was higher in surgical wound samples; 24/200 (12%) than blood samples (2%). Our findings were higher than other reports, where E faecalis was isolated from wound swabs with percentages of 6% 30 and 1.3%, 31 and were lower than others where the isolation rate from blood cultures was (4.6%). 32 Our study showed that all isolates were reported to be resistant to cefepime, ampicillin, tetracycline, and exhibited high resistance rates; (84.6%) to rifampin, and (69.2%) to amoxicillin-clavulanic, that are comparable to other reports.…”

Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Nickel Nanoparticles against Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

“…High rate resistance to various antimicrobial agents particularly among nosocomial organisms were revealed and become serious challenge in diseases treating (29,30), Report of WHO agrees with the truth of wide use of antimicrobial agents in outside and inside of medicine has a critical role in dissemination of bacterial resistant strains by involving various resistance mechanisms like production of Beta-lactamase enzymes that destruct these drugs [31]. The great difficulty of the bacterial resistance is the misuse and overuse of antimicrobial agents by patients in addition to the doctors (32,33), and it could be because of the erratically uses of antimicrobial agents without laboratory diagnosis and antimicrobial sensitivity test.…”

16S Ribosomal Gene Sequencing, Phylogeny and Multidrug Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Clinical Samples at a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Nigeria

“…P. aeruginosa is considered as a common isolated bacterium from clinical specimens that causes a significant challenge for treating both nosocomial and community-acquired infections. P. aeruginosa has also been implicated as a prominent cause of post-operative wound infection in Nigeria [19]. It is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens responsible for 10-15% of nosocomial infections worldwide [1].…”