Nosocomial Outbreak of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, Sudan

Abstract

To confirm the presence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Sudan, we tested serum of 8 patients with hemorrhagic fever in a rural hospital in 2008. Reverse transcription–PCR identified Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. Its identification as group III lineage indicated links to virus strains from South Africa, Mauritania, and Nigeria.

Exposure of Health Care Workers to Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Senegal: An Investigation of Two Imported Cases

“…We did not identify any cases of nosocomial transmission of CCHF in our study, although nosocomial transmission has been described among patients and health workers in numerous other countries in sub-Saharan Africa, including Sudan, Mauritania, and South Africa [4,9,10]. Previous studies have described the use of ribavarin for the prevention and treatment of CCHF [11,12].…”

“…Human-to-human transmission occurs through contact with infectious blood or bodily fluids [2]. As a result of its epidemic potential, high case fatality rate (10-50%), difficulties in accessing treatment in developing countries and potential for nosocomial transmission, CCHF remains an important public health challenge [2,4]. We report two cases of imported Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever in Senegal.…”

A nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever

“…13 A nosocomial epidemic was reported in Sudan in 2008, with eight of the 10 cases involved proving fatal. 8 Cases with a high viral load and those presenting with weak or no antibody response gener- ally result in death. 2,11,14 Death almost always occurs after 6-10 days due to shock and multiple organs failure.…”

“…4,5 Nosocomial transmission is well-known, although uncommon. [6][7][8][9] CCHF nosocomial transmission have been reported from various countries, including Pakistan, Dubai, North Africa, Iran and Turkey. 4,5,7,10,11 In general terms, during post-exposure prophylaxis, health care workers take ribavirin if they are exposed to the CCHF virus.…”

Occupational Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Following Needle-Stick Injury

“…Notably, beyond tick-borne transmission, nosocomial outbreak of several bunyaviruses has also been well documented, such as the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus 8 and the Rift Valley fever virus. 9 However, Hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever renal syndrome (HFRS) is rarely transmitted among humans, suggesting a fundamental difference in transmission mode for viruses in family Bunayaviridae.…”