Nosocomial vs community-acquired pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009: a nested case–control study

Khandaker, Gulam; Rashid, Harunor; Zurynski, Yvonne; Richmond, Peter; Buttery, James Peter; Marshall, Helen; Gold, Michael; Walls, Tony; Whitehead, Bruce; Elliott, Elizabeth J; Booy, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2012.07.006

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Older adults may not always mount a fever with influenza, and behavioral change may be the only sign of influenza virus infection in some frail elderly persons [76]. Hospitalized children and adults with chronic illness who develop nosocomial influenza may not initially manifest typical influenza signs and symptoms [434, 435]. Therefore, during an institutional influenza outbreak, there should be a low threshold for suspecting influenza and initiating antiviral treatment without waiting for the results of influenza molecular testing.…”

Section: Institutional Outbreak Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2018 Update on Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis, and Institutional Outbreak Management of Seasonal Influenzaa

Uyeki

Bernstein

Bradley

et al. 2018

Clinical Infectious Diseases

532

360

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These clinical practice guidelines are an update of the guidelines published by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) in 2009, prior to the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. This document addresses new information regarding diagnostic testing, treatment and chemoprophylaxis with antiviral medications, and issues related to institutional outbreak management for seasonal influenza. It is intended for use by primary care clinicians, obstetricians, emergency medicine providers, hospitalists, laboratorians, and infectious disease specialists, as well as other clinicians managing patients with suspected or laboratory-confirmed influenza. The guidelines consider the care of children and adults, including special populations such as pregnant and postpartum women and immunocompromised patients.

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Section: Institutional Outbreak Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2018 Update on Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis, and Institutional Outbreak Management of Seasonal Influenzaa

Uyeki

Bernstein

Bradley

et al. 2018

Clinical Infectious Diseases

532

360

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…NCC, also called risk set sampling, has been widely used in studying fatal disease risk effect in large pharmacoepidemiological studies [23][24][25][26][27][28] and risk prediction in pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 (pH1N1). 29 NCC is cost-effective in data collection and is especially suitable for research on the mortality risk of diseases such as COVID-19, where the number of event-free people largely exceeds those who are symptomatic. 30 To attain this goal, we employed survival analysis on 275 publicly reported confirmed cases, adjusting for age, gender and the change in the pandemic stage in China (ie, before and after 22 January 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of coronary heart disease increased the mortality rate of patients with COVID-19: a nested case–control study

Chu

et al. 2020

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveEvaluate the risk of pre-existing comorbidities on COVID-19 mortality, and provide clinical suggestions accordingly.SettingA nested case–control design using confirmed case reports released from the news or the national/provincial/municipal health commissions of China between 18 December 2019 and 8 March 2020.ParticipantsPatients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, excluding asymptomatic patients, in mainland China outside of Hubei Province.Outcome measuresPatient demographics, survival time and status, and history of comorbidities.MethodA total of 94 publicly reported deaths in locations outside of Hubei Province, mainland China, were included as cases. Each case was matched with up to three controls, based on gender and age ±1 year old (94 cases and 181 controls). The inverse probability-weighted Cox proportional hazard model was performed, controlling for age, gender and the early period of the outbreak.ResultsOf the 94 cases, the median age was 72.5 years old (IQR=16), and 59.6% were men, while in the control group the median age was 67 years old (IQR=22), and 64.6% were men. Adjusting for age, gender and the early period of the outbreak, poor health conditions were associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 mortality (HR of comorbidity score, 1.31 [95% CI 1.11 to 1.54]; p=0.001). The estimated mortality risk in patients with pre-existing coronary heart disease (CHD) was three times that of those without CHD (p<0.001). The estimated 30-day survival probability for a profile patient with pre-existing CHD (65-year-old woman with no other comorbidities) was 0.53 (95% CI 0.34 to 0.82), while it was 0.85 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.91) for those without CHD. Older age was also associated with increased mortality risk: every 1-year increase in age was associated with a 4% increased risk of mortality (p<0.001).ConclusionExtra care and early medical interventions are needed for patients with pre-existing comorbidities, especially CHD.

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“…Consequently, the mortality is high. Nosocomial influenza is not a rare incidence and accounts for approximately 10–20% (range 5–45%) of all influenza cases in hospitals [ 23 ], [ 24 ], [ 25 ], [ 26 ], [ 27 ], [ 28 ], [ 29 ], [ 30 ].…”

Section: Antiviral Medicinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prophylaxis and treatment of influenza: options, antiviral susceptibility, and existing recommendations

Duwe

Schmidt

Гартнер

et al. 2021

GMS Infectious Diseases; 9:Doc02

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Nosocomial vs community-acquired pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009: a nested case–control study

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2018 Update on Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis, and Institutional Outbreak Management of Seasonal Influenzaa

Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2018 Update on Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis, and Institutional Outbreak Management of Seasonal Influenzaa

History of coronary heart disease increased the mortality rate of patients with COVID-19: a nested case–control study

Prophylaxis and treatment of influenza: options, antiviral susceptibility, and existing recommendations

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