Not all autoantibodies are clinically relevant. Classic and novel autoantibodies in Sjögren’s syndrome: A critical review

Abstract

Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS) is a heterogeneous systemic disease. The abnormal responses to La/SSB and Ro/SSA of both B-cells and T-cells are implicated as well as others, in the destruction of the epithelium of the exocrine glands, whose tissue characteristically shows a peri-epithelial lymphocytic infiltration that can vary from sicca syndrome to systemic disease and lymphoma. Despite the appearance of new autoantibodies, anti-Ro/SSA is still the only autoantibody included in the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) classification criteria and is used extensively as a traditional biomarker in clinical practice. The study and findings of new autoantibodies in SjS has risen in the previous decade, with a central role given to diagnosis and elucidating new aspects of SjS physiopathology, while raising the opportunity to establish clinical phenotypes with the goal of predicting long-term complications. In this paper, we critically review the classic and the novel autoantibodies in SjS, analyzing the methods employed for detection, the pathogenic role and the wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes.

Novel autoantibodies help diagnose anti-SSA antibody negative Sjögren disease and predict abnormal labial salivary gland pathology

“…Aquaporin 5 antibodies are higher in subjects with SjD than subjects without SjD29 30 and correlate with FS,30 but the performance of the assay in subjects with SSA− SjD remains unclear. Other autoantibodies have been described in SjD but to the authors’ knowledge no other autoantibodies have been validated as diagnostic in SSA− SjD 31…”

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells improve disease characterization of Sjogren's syndrome in NOD mice through regulation of gut microbiota and Treg/Th17 cellular immunity

“…MSCs possess characteristics such as immunosuppressive function and nonimmunogenicity, making them potentially useful for the treatment of various autoimmune diseases 27 . Ro/SSA autoantibodies are widely accepted and considered to be diagnostic tools for classification in the context of SS 28 . In addition, α‐Fodrin antibodies can be detected in the serum of most pSS patients 29 .…”

“… 27 Ro/SSA autoantibodies are widely accepted and considered to be diagnostic tools for classification in the context of SS. 28 In addition, α‐Fodrin antibodies can be detected in the serum of most pSS patients. 29 Treatment with UC‐MSCs in 24 pSS patients resulted in a decrease in α‐Fodrin and Ro/SSA antibodies after 1 month.…”

La présence ou non des anti-SSA modifie-t-elle le phénotype clinicobiologique et la qualité de vie des patients atteints de la maladie de Gougerot-Sjögren ? Étude d’une cohorte de 197 patients

“…Cependant la plupart des patients atteints de LES avaient toutefois les 2 auto-Les anticorps anti-mitochondries sont étroitement associés à la cirrhose biliaire primitive. Dans la MGS, ils sont présents chez près de 3 à 27% des patients lorsqu'une technique ELISA ou Western BLOT est utilisée(60). De même ils sont associés aux développements d'atteintes systémiques, notamment hépatiques.…”