Not all bad! communism, society and sport in the great proletarian cultural revolution: a revisionist perspective

Hong, Fan

doi:10.1080/09523369908714084

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In 1967, although a series of classes were resumed, the physical education course was replaced by military sports, where students merely learnt the simple actions of the liberation army, for instance, how to form a queue, drop a bomb and use bayonets, etc (Hong, 1999). The previous teaching content was banned on account of involving "Bourgeois education", and even numerous schools carried out labour education in place of military sports teaching.…”

Section: The Regression Era (1966-1976)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Historical Review of Physical Education in China (1949-2020)

Jin

Smith

Morgan

et al. 2021

JETS

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With the drastic changes in the historical context, political and social reconstructions played a significant role in the formation of the contemporary education system in China as well as other countries around the world. Based on the chronicled outline of past revolutions in the Chinese society, this paper aims to provide a broad historical overview of the history and development of physical education (PE) in China since the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. The process of PE reform in China occurred in four distinct stages, including the Initial Establishment Stage (1949 to 1956), the Exploration Period (1956 to 1966), the Regression Era (1966 to 1976), and the Era of Renaissance and Transformation (1979 to present). This historical review describes the development of PE as a curriculum area across these four critical periods and includes an analysis of historical contexts, policies, faculty training, curriculum settings, and pedagogical content in PE. This paper focuses mainly on PE within elementary and secondary schools in China, accompanied by a brief introduction to college PE in China. Through an examination of the four distinct stages of PE reform in China, a comprehensive understanding of the overall development of PE within these historical periods is presented. Inspired by the development of the educational system in China, a touch on the physical education concepts in countries around the world will also be included. The systematic review on international PE establishments serves to provide a general idea of how future improvements can be adapted to the trend of globalization and other potential public transformations.

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Section: The Regression Era (1966-1976)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The political situation in China ushered in a promising upturn in September 1970, school physical education and mass sports were recovered and developed to a certain extent (Hong, 1999). Ball events were introduced in military sports of students, and various amateur sports schools had also sprung up.…”

Section: The Regression Era (1966-1976)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Historical Review of Physical Education in China (1949-2020)

Jin

Smith

Morgan

et al. 2021

JETS

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“…The development of elite sport gradually recovered from the early 1970s because of a major shift in diplomatic policy and a sea-change in international politics (Hong, 1999). China improved its diplomatic relationship with a wide range of capitalist nations most notably the USA and Japan, guided by China’s changed diplomatic doctrine, ‘A Horizontal Line, A Big Terrain ( Yitiaoxian yidapian )’ (Fardella et al, 2015: 147).…”

Section: China’s Responses To International Artistic Gymnasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elite sport no longer enjoyed as significant a profile for the government. Instead, it was repressed, labelled as it was by Chairman Mao Zedong as a capitalist product which was contrary to the interests of the proletariat (Hong, 1999). All training and competitions halted at the end of 1966 because of this perception, elite artistic gymnastics being regarded as 'Capitalist, Elitism and Non-Proletarian' (Chen, Lu and Li, 1990, p. 369) by Plan (1994-2000, 2001-2010 and 2011-2020).…”

Section: China's Responses To International Artistic Gymnasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responding to globalisation: The case of elite artistic gymnastics in China

Zheng

Tan

Bairner

2017

International Review for the Sociology of Sport

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“…Fan concludes that the Cultural Revolution movement was "not all bad" because it contributed to making sport a powerful ideological vehicle for achieving diplomatic policies. (86) The Cultural Revolution also increased the exposure of rural peasants and women to modern sports. Since Mao's death in 1976, China has experienced a cultural and ideological transformation unprecedented in the history of communist societies.…”

Section: China Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sport, Maoism and the Beijing Olympics

Hwang¹,

Chang²

2008

chinaperspectives

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The development of sports in China since the nineteenth century has been influenced to varying degrees by imperialism, nationalism, Maoism, and postcolonial thinking. This paper explores these ideologies from three angles: (i) Mao's early thinking regarding physical culture and sport; (ii) the development of sports under Mao's socialism and the Cultural Revolution; and (iii) China's breakthrough in the post-Mao era. In sum, sport remains connected over time with the idea of "imagined Olympians" and of a response to the "Sick Man complex." The advent of postcolonial thought has opened the possibility of more diverse understandings of sports in China. china perspectives 6. Susan Brownell, Training the Body for China: Sport in the moral order of the People's Republic,

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Not all bad! communism, society and sport in the great proletarian cultural revolution: a revisionist perspective

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

A Historical Review of Physical Education in China (1949-2020)

A Historical Review of Physical Education in China (1949-2020)

Responding to globalisation: The case of elite artistic gymnastics in China

Sport, Maoism and the Beijing Olympics

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