Not All Liver Abscesses Are Created Equal: The Impact of Tylosin and Antibiotic Alternatives on Bovine Liver Abscess Microbial Communities and a First Look at Bacteroidetes-Dominated Communities

Pinnell, Lee J.; Whitlow, Carla Weissend; Huebner, K. L.; Bryant, Tony C.; Martin, J. N.; Belk, K. E.; Morley, Paul S.

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.882419

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…La presencia de abscesos destaca por ser la primera causa de decomiso en hígados de este estudio, confirmando los trabajos realizados por Sánchez (2013) y Pinnell et al (2022), producidos por Fusobacterium necroforum, Trueperella pyogenes y Salmonella entérica (Amachawadi et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Estudio Anatomopatológico Y Mastocitos en Hígados De Ternero Decomisados en Matadero

MURCIA¹,

Martínez²,

Sánchez³

et al. 2022

An. Vet. Murcia

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This study research the anatomopathological injuries and the number of mast cells in 51 confiscated calf livers in a major slaughterhouse in the south-east of Spain. The microscopic analysis was realized with hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) and Masson's Trichrome (CRT) stains. Furthermore, the number of mast cells was determined based on their pathologies, using toluidine blue staining, counting in 10 fields of 348 x 263 µm at 40x in each of the samples and with the SPSS statistical program and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann-Whitney tests compared with 5 control livers. The pathological lesions of confiscation were: abscesses (47%), cholangiohepatitis (31%), fibrosis (8%), steatosis (6%), atrophy (2%), necrosis (2%), congestion (2%) and cyst (2%). Classifying into inflammatory lesions (49%), parasitic lesions (33%) and degenerative-metabolic lesions (18%). The results conclude that there are significant differences in the number of mast cells in livers with cholangiohepatitis (p 0,001) compared with control livers and there are no significant differences in livers with abscesses (p 0,227). When classifying the pathological alterations by families, there are no significant differences in the inflammatory alterations when compared them with the control group and there are differences in the parasitic alterations. Degenerative alterations show significative differences, but the number of samples collected is scarce. Este estudio aborda las alteraciones anatomopatológicas y el número de mastocitos en 51 hígados de ternero decomisados en un matadero importante del sur-este de España. El análisis microscópico se ha realizado con las tinciones hematoxilina-eosina (H-E) y Tricrómico de Masson (TRC). Además, se determinó el número de mastocitos en función de sus patologías, mediante la tinción azul de toluidina, haciendo un conteo en 10 campos de 348 x 263 µm a 40x en cada una de las muestras. Con el programa estadístico SPSS y las pruebas estadísticas Kolmogorov-Smirnov y Mann-Whitney se ha hecho una comparación con 5 hígados control. Las lesiones anatomopatológicas causantes de decomiso han sido: abscesos (47%), colangiohepatitis (31%), fibrosis (8%), esteatosis (6%), atrofia (2%), necrosis (2%), congestión (2%) y quiste (2%). Clasificándose en lesiones inflamatorias (49%), lesiones parasitarias (33%) y lesiones degenerativo-metabólicas (18%). Los resultados del conteo de mastocitos muestran que hay diferencias significativas en el número de mastocitos de los hígados con colangiohepatitis (p 0,001), respecto a los hígados control y no hay diferencias significativas en los hígados con abscesos (p 0,227). Al hacer una clasificación por familias de las alteraciones anatomopatológicas estudiadas se ha llegado a la conclusión de que no hay diferencias significativas en las alteraciones inflamatorias al compararlas con el grupo control y sí las hay en las alteraciones parasitarias. Las alteraciones degenerativas también muestran diferencias significativas, pero el número de muestras recogidas es bajo.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Estudio Anatomopatológico Y Mastocitos en Hígados De Ternero Decomisados en Matadero

MURCIA¹,

Martínez²,

Sánchez³

et al. 2022

An. Vet. Murcia

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“…Beyond the impact on prior studies, it is important to understand the role of F. varium in the bovine rumen and whether or not it contributes to ruminal fermentation and LA occurrence and progression, or other disease processes. For several decades, ruminal F. necrophorum has been considered the primary etiological agent of liver abscesses, but recent studies have challenged this to varying extents, with data suggesting that Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria may play a larger role than previously believed and that some LA communities may originate from the hindgut [53, 54]. Since most prior studies were conducted at genus-level taxonomic resolution (e.g., using 16S rRNA sequencing on an Illumina platform), it is currently unclear what role different Fusobacterium species may play in liver abscess formation and/or severity, and it cannot be ruled out that F. varium may play a direct or indirect role in LA formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexpected finding ofFusobacterium variumabundance in cattle rumen: implications for liver abscess interventions

Schwarz

Mathieu

Gomez

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Fusobacterium varium has been generally overlooked in cattle rumen microbiome studies relative to the presumably more abundant, liver abscess-causing Fusobacterium necrophorum. Here, we revisit that conventional wisdom and report greater relative abundance of F. varium than F. necrophorum in both raw rumen samples and in lactate-supplemented enrichments tailored for F. necrophorum growth, despite its consistent inadvertence in past ruminal surveys and putative inability to metabolize lactate. Our observation that F. varium grows under restrictive conditions used to enumerate F. necrophorum suggests that previous estimations were inaccurate and F. varium is an underestimated player within the ruminal community. Exposure to tylosin, the current gold standard among prophylactic liver abscess prevention strategies in cattle, consistently reduced growth of all F. necrophorum strains screened by greater than 67% relative to unexposed controls. In contrast, F. varium strains were completely or highly resistant (0 - 11% reduction in maximum yield). Monensin, an ionophore fed to cattle to improve feed efficiency also had stronger inhibitory activity against F. necrophorum than against F. varium. Finally, preliminary genomic analysis of two F. varium bovine isolates revealed the presence of virulence genes related to those of pathogenic F. varium human isolates associated with active invasion of mammalian cells.

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“…F. necrophorum gained significant attention due to its ubiquitous presence in culture-based studies ( 50 , 52 , 53 ). In a recently comprehensive study, Whitlow and coauthors ( 54 ) reported significant abundance of Fusobacterium , Bacteroides , and Porphyromonas . And the discriminant genera for Fusobacteria-dominated abscess communities as Acinetobacter , Lactobacillus , Psdudomonas , and Psychrobacter .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver microbial community and associated host transcriptome in calves with feed induced acidosis

Li,

Larsen,

Murphy

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionIn the dairy industry, calves are typically fed diets rich in highly fermentable carbohydrates and low in fibrous feeds to maximize ruminal papillae and tissue development. Calves on such diets are vulnerable at developing ruminal acidosis. Prevalent in cattle, liver abscess (LA) is considered a sequela to ruminal acidosis. LAs can cause significant liver function condemnation and decreased growth and production. Currently, we know little about the liver microbiome in calves with feed-induced acidosis.MethodsUsing our established model of ruminal acidosis, where young calves were fed an acidosis-inducing (AC) or -blunting (control) diet starting at birth until 17-week of age, we investigated microbial community changes in the liver resultant from ruminal acidosis. Eight calves were randomly assigned to each diet, with four animals per treatment. Rumen epithelium and liver tissues were collected at 17 weeks of age right after euthanasia. Total RNAs were extracted and followed by whole transcriptome sequencing. Microbial RNA reads were enriched bioinformatically and used for microbial taxonomy classification using Kraken2.ResultsAC Calves showed significantly less weight gain over the course of the experiment, in addition to significantly lower ruminal pH, and rumen degradation comparison to the control group (p < 0.05). In the liver, a total of 29 genera showed a significant (p < 0.05) abundance change (> 2-fold) between the treatments at 17-week of age. Among these, Fibrobacter, Treponema, Lactobacillus, and Olsenella have been reported in abscessed liver in cattle. Concurrent abundance changes in 9 of the genera were observed in both the liver and rumen tissues collected at 17-week of age, indicating potential crosstalk between the liver and rumen epithelial microbial communities. Significant association was identified between host liver gene and its embedded microbial taxa. Aside from identifying previously reported microbial taxa in cattle abscessed liver, new repertoire of actively transcribed microbial taxa was identified in this study.DiscussionBy employing metatranscriptome sequencing, our study painted a picture of liver microbiome in young calves with or without feed induced acidosis. Our study suggested that liver microbiome may have a critical impact on host liver physiology. Novel findings of this study emphasize the need for further in-depth analysis to uncover the functional roles of liver resident microbiome in liver metabolic acidosis resultant from feed-related ruminal acidosis.

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Not All Liver Abscesses Are Created Equal: The Impact of Tylosin and Antibiotic Alternatives on Bovine Liver Abscess Microbial Communities and a First Look at Bacteroidetes-Dominated Communities

Cited by 19 publications

References 45 publications

Estudio Anatomopatológico Y Mastocitos en Hígados De Ternero Decomisados en Matadero

Estudio Anatomopatológico Y Mastocitos en Hígados De Ternero Decomisados en Matadero

Unexpected finding ofFusobacterium variumabundance in cattle rumen: implications for liver abscess interventions

Liver microbial community and associated host transcriptome in calves with feed induced acidosis

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