Not all sex‐biased genes are the same

Veltsos, Paris

doi:10.1111/nph.15531

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, we infer that tissue-limitation (a more narrow expression domain) is likely more important for shaping reproductive protein evolution specifically, as lower mean gene expression was not significantly associated with higher protein evolution for reproductive genes ( Figure S1, Table 4), and reproductive loci also had much higher mean gene expression levels in comparison to generally-expressed genes and, especially, vegetative loci. High tissue-specificity has been proposed as an important contributor to elevated rates of reproductive protein evolution-and a better predictor of this than sex-biased gene expression per se-in both animals (Meisel 2011) and some plants (Veltsos 2019). For example, in Arabidopsis thaliana and close relatives, Harrison et al (2019) found faster protein evolution in both pollen-specific and tissue-specific sporophytic genes compared to loci expressed in >1 tissue, although pollen-specific loci still retain the highest evolutionary rates in this and other analyses in these species (e.g.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive proteins evolve faster than non-reproductive proteins amongSolanumspecies

Moyle

Gibson

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Elevated rates of evolution in reproductive proteins are commonly observed in animal species, and are thought to be driven by the action of sexual selection and sexual conflict acting specifically on reproductive traits. Whether similar patterns are broadly observed in other biological groups is equivocal. Here we examine patterns of protein divergence among wild tomato species (Solanum section Lycopersicon), to understand forces shaping the evolution of reproductive genes in this diverse, rapidly evolving plant clade. By comparing rates of molecular evolution among loci expressed in reproductive and non-reproductive tissues, our aims were to test if: a) reproductive-specific loci evolve more rapidly, on average, than non-reproductive loci; b) 'male'-specific loci evolve at different rates than 'female'-specific loci; c) genes expressed exclusively in gametophytic (haploid) tissue evolve differently from genes expressed in sporophytic (diploid) tissue or in both tissue types; and d) mating system variation (a potential proxy for the expected strength of sexual selection and/or sexual conflict) affects patterns of protein evolution. We observed elevated evolutionary rates in reproductive proteins; however this pattern was most evident for female- rather than male-specific loci, both broadly and for individual loci inferred to be positively selected. These elevated rates might be facilitated by greater tissue-specificity of reproductive proteins, as faster rates were associated with more narrow expression domains. In contrast we found little evidence that evolutionary rates are consistently different in loci experiencing haploid selection (gametophytic-exclusive loci), or in lineages with quantitatively different mating systems. Overall while reproductive protein evolution is generally elevated in this diverse plant group, specific patterns of protein evolution are more complex than those reported in other (largely animal) systems, and include a more prominent role for female-specific loci among adaptively evolving genes.

show abstract

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive proteins evolve faster than non-reproductive proteins amongSolanumspecies

Moyle

Gibson

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…High tissue-specificity has been proposed as an important contributor to elevated rates of reproductive protein evolutionand a better predictor of this than sex-biased gene expression per se-in both animals (Meisel, 2011) and some plants (Veltsos, 2019). For example, in Arabidopsis thaliana and close relatives, Harrison et al (2019) found faster protein evolution in both pollen-specific and tissue-specific sporophytic genes compared to loci expressed in >1 tissue, although pollen-specific loci still retain the highest evolutionary rates in this and other analyses in these species (e.g., Szovenyi et al, 2013;Gossmann et al, 2016).…”

Section: Rates Of Protein Evolution Are Affected By Tissue-specificity But Not Haploid Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, we find little evidence for stronger or more widespread purifying selection on haploid-expressed loci, which would be observed as lower mean rates of protein evolution in gametophytic loci. Stronger purifying selection due to haploid expression has been proposed as one reason why sex-biased loci (generally, pollen expressed loci) do not appear to evolve faster than non-sex-biased loci in several dioecious species (Cossard et al, 2019;Sanderson et al, 2019;discussed in Muyle, 2019; but see also Veltsos, 2019) and, indeed, sometimes appear to evolve more slowly (e.g., Darolti et al, 2018). Our data do not suggest stronger purifying selection in either gametophytic-limited proteins in general, or ovule-and pollen-limited loci specifically, in our species.…”

Section: Rates Of Protein Evolution Are Affected By Tissue-specificity But Not Haploid Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Proteins Evolve Faster Than Non-reproductive Proteins Among Solanum Species

Moyle

Gibson

2021

Front. Plant Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Elevated rates of evolution in reproductive proteins are commonly observed in animal species, and are thought to be driven by the action of sexual selection and sexual conflict acting specifically on reproductive traits. Whether similar patterns are broadly observed in other biological groups is equivocal. Here, we examine patterns of protein divergence among wild tomato species (Solanum section Lycopersicon), to understand forces shaping the evolution of reproductive genes in this diverse, rapidly evolving plant clade. By comparing rates of molecular evolution among loci expressed in reproductive and non-reproductive tissues, our aims were to test if: (a) reproductive-specific loci evolve more rapidly, on average, than non-reproductive loci; (b) ‘male’-specific loci evolve at different rates than ‘female’-specific loci; (c) genes expressed exclusively in gametophytic (haploid) tissue evolve differently from genes expressed in sporophytic (diploid) tissue or in both tissue types; and (d) mating system variation (a potential proxy for the expected strength of sexual selection and/or sexual conflict) affects patterns of protein evolution. We observed elevated evolutionary rates in reproductive proteins. However, this pattern was most evident for female- rather than male-specific loci, both broadly and for individual loci inferred to be positively selected. These elevated rates might be facilitated by greater tissue-specificity of reproductive proteins, as faster rates were also associated with more narrow expression domains. In contrast, we found little evidence that evolutionary rates are consistently different in loci experiencing haploid selection (gametophytic-exclusive loci), or in lineages with quantitatively different mating systems. Overall while reproductive protein evolution is generally elevated in this diverse plant group, some specific patterns of evolution are more complex than those reported in other (largely animal) systems, and include a more prominent role for female-specific loci among adaptively evolving genes.

show abstract

“…In recent years, there have been growing studies on the expression dynamics and molecular evolutionary rates of sexbiased genes in flowering plants, including hermaphroditic Arabidopsis thaliana (Gossmann et al, 2014 ;, Solanum (Moyle et al, 2021 ), and dioecious Silene latifolia (Zemp et al, 2016 ), Salix viminalis (Darolti et al, 2018 ), Mercurialis annua (Cossard et al, 2019 ), Populus balsamifera (Sanderson et al, 2019 ), and Leucadendron (Scharmann et al, 2021 ). However, despite such advances, the molecular evolution pattern of sex-biased genes in plants remains inconsistent among the studied plant species (Muyle, 2019 ;Veltsos, 2019 ). In dioecious plants such as Mercurialis annua and Leucadendron, Cossard et al, (2019) and Scharmann et al, (2021) found no significant differences in evolutionary rates of proteins among female-biased, male-biased and unbiased genes detected between male and female plants leaf tissues, although the expression of sex-biased genes was highly different from unbiased genes in leaves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive selection and relaxed purifying selection contribute to rapid evolution of male-biased genes in a dioecious flowering plant

Zhao,

Zhou,

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sex-biased genes offer insights into the evolution of sexual dimorphism. Sex-biased genes, especially those with male bias, show elevated evolutionary rates of protein sequences driven by positive selection and relaxed purifying selection in animals. Although rapid sequence evolution of sex-biased genes and evolutionary forces have been investigated in animals and brown algae, less is known about evolutionary forces in dioecious angiosperms. In this study, we separately compared the expression of sex-biased genes between female and male floral buds and between female and male flowers at anthesis in dioecious Trichosanthes pilosa (Cucurbitaceae). In floral buds, sex-biased gene expression was pervasive, and had significantly different roles in sexual dimorphism such as physiology. We observed higher rates of sequence evolution for male-biased genes in floral buds compared to female-biased and unbiased genes. Male-biased genes under positive selection were mainly associated with functions to abiotic stress and immune responses, suggesting that high evolutionary rates are driven by adaptive evolution. Additionally, relaxed purifying selection may contribute to accelerated evolution in male-biased genes generated by gene duplication. Our findings, for the first time in angiosperms, suggest evident rapid evolution of male-biased genes, advance our understanding of the patterns and forces driving the evolution of sexual dimorphism in dioecious plants.

show abstract

Not all sex‐biased genes are the same

Abstract: This article is a Commentary on Sanderson et al., 221: 527–539.

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Reproductive proteins evolve faster than non-reproductive proteins amongSolanumspecies

Reproductive proteins evolve faster than non-reproductive proteins amongSolanumspecies

Reproductive Proteins Evolve Faster Than Non-reproductive Proteins Among Solanum Species

Positive selection and relaxed purifying selection contribute to rapid evolution of male-biased genes in a dioecious flowering plant

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About