(Not) being granted the right to belong—Amateur football clubs in Germany

Nobis, Tina; Gómez-González, Carlos; Nesseler, Cornel; Dietl, Helmut

doi:10.1177/10126902211061303

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Whilst sport clubs as institutions are considered distant and apathetic, refugees were able to form important bonds and strong tie networks within the club (Bradbury, 2011; Marshall et al, 2019; Stone, 2018). These strong ties are the main reason why players have continued their involvement in football, albeit unprofessionally, motivated by a strong sense of cultural belonging within the sport (Nobis et al, 2021; Nunn et al, 2022; Spaaij et al, 2019). The transnational nature of belonging to football validates ecosystems as expressions of a global society (Young et al, 2006).…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Europe, football traditionally has succeeded in a special way in including people of different ethnic origins (Bradbury, 2011; Sterchele, 2015; Stone, 2018). Yet, a consistent body of sociological literature shows that football is not immune to phenomena of racism, discrimination and exclusion (Adams and Darby, 2020; Esson, 2015; Nobis et al, 2021). Moreover, despite the asylum-migration nexus (Stewart, 2008), there are relevant differences between migrants and refugees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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‘Refugee footballers’: A socioecological exploration of forced migrants in the Italian and German elite football system

Norrito

Giulianotti

Mason

et al. 2023

International Review for the Sociology of Sport

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Against the background of the recent European ‘refugee crisis’ and its long-term consequences, this article investigates the research question ‘how do footballers with a refugee background experience the process of accessing top-level football?’, using ethnographic material and interviews with competitive footballers with a refugee background in Italy and Germany from two studies. The material was examined using qualitative content analysis and interpreted through the ecological systems theory. The results show that inclusion to professional football is complex for refugee footballers who are faced with the additional hurdles and consequences of a forced migration. Moreover, refugees build their networks within the process of resettlement, without a clear path for inclusion to elite football. Those who ‘make it’ have relied on key enablers within their microsystem and on mesosystemic interactions, further emphasizing the importance of networks for professional development. In contrast, exosystemic and macrosystemic factors further hinder the possibility of a sport career in football, on top of the existing difficulties of a forced migration. The process of seeking inclusion in competitive football however has been identified as a positive element that can provide direction in resettlement and opportunities for socialisation.

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Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Refugee footballers’: A socioecological exploration of forced migrants in the Italian and German elite football system

Norrito

Giulianotti

Mason

et al. 2023

International Review for the Sociology of Sport

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show abstract

“…Even though some works have focused on ethnic identity, the construction of ‘ethnicity’ in or through sports or on ethnic discrimination in sport in Germany (e.g. Bartsch et al, 2019; Burrmann et al, 2017; Gehring, 2016; Nobis et al, 2021; Seiberth et al, 2019; van Campenhout and van Houtum, 2021), hardly any of these studies (for exceptions see, Ungruhe, 2014) focus on anti-Black racism in sport in Germany.…”

Section: Racism (In Germany) and How It Is Related To Stackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racist Stacking in Professional Soccer in Germany

Nobis

Lazaridou

2022

International Review for the Sociology of Sport

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Racist stacking is a phenomenon in team sports in which Black players are underrepresented in tactical and leading positions, while they are overrepresented in decentralized and physical positions. In this article, we propose that racist stacking is a type of institutional racism characterized by racist ascriptions incorporated in the daily routines of sport institutions. We explored whether racist stacking happens in soccer in Germany based on these assumptions. The results of an examination of the 36 teams in the male divisions of the first and second Bundesliga in the 2020/2021 season are presented in this article. We discovered patterns in our data that support a theory of racist stacking. White players are more likely to play positions associated with leadership, oversight, responsibility, intelligence, and organization, whereas Black players are more likely to play positions associated with aggressiveness, speed, and instinct. We conclude that, contrary to popular belief, professional sports do not just rely on the competitiveness principle. Instead, some decisions appear to be made on the basis of racist attributions, whether purposefully or accidentally.

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“…The politics of belonging is a conceptual framework used by many scholars across disciplines (Mujere, 2011;Koot 2015, Marewo & Ncube, 2022Nobis et al, 2022) to articulate how individuals and groups identify themselves and others as (not) belonging. In her seminal work, Yuval-Davis ( 2006) outlines an analytical framework for understanding the politics of belonging that can further contribute to an understanding of substantive belonging.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Substantive Belonging in a Post-Apartheid City: Examining the Intersection of Race, Class, Space, and Colonial Legacies in Cape Town

Boiles-Leonard

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This dissertation explores the complexities of belonging, displacement, and restitution in postapartheid Cape Town. The study focuses on the intersections of race, class, space, and the legacies of colonialism. It employs the concept of substantive belonging to analyze how affective and structural modes of belonging shape individuals' positioning within the city. Furthermore, by examining the gaps in belonging, the research illuminates the discrepancies between the idealized condition of substantive belonging and the realities experienced by residents of Cape Town. Through ethnographic exploration in various locations, including Woodstock, District Six, and Protea Village, the dissertation presents a nuanced understanding of how belonging is constructed and challenged. The research uncovers how race and class influence perceptions of inclusion and exclusion by analyzing events and narratives in public spaces. It investigates the connection between forced removals during apartheid and contemporary gentrification-led displacement, shedding light on the ongoing struggles for affordable housing and the right to belong in the city. The dissertation also examines the experiences of returning communities in Protea Village and District Six, illustrating the intricate social practices and norms that shape localized notions of belonging. An investigation of the regulations of space, the comparison between gentrification-led displacement and forced removals during apartheid, and the adequacy of post-apartheid restitution measures uncovers the challenges in creating a truly post-apartheid city. It underscores the importance of addressing historical injustices and reconciling with the colonial past to foster substantive belonging for all residents. Ultimately, the research calls attention to the intricate processes of transformation, restitution, and reconciliation in Cape Town, emphasizing the need to consider more than legal rights and economic factors when aiming for meaningful change. I would like to thank my co-supervisors, Monica Eileen Patterson and Blair Rutherford for their support and guidance throughout my doctoral program. Thank you to my committee members Danielle DiNovelli-Lang and Bernhard Leistle for their thoughtful insights and support. I would also like to thank my examiners, Andy Clarno and Pablo Mendez. I am grateful to all the members Ndifuna Ukwaze for their assistance, this project would not be the same without the work I was able to do with your organisation. In particular I would like to thank Emile, Sarita, and Ntombi. Thank you to Kurt Orderson who, in introducing me to the many social movements and people that are fighting for a better life in Cape Town, opened my mind to the power of protest and taking a stand. Thank you to the Protea Village land claim members. In particular Cedrik van Dieman and David Wilson for sharing their memories and the history of the land claim. Thank you to Aya Turchio for her help making the maps for this dissertation.Thank you to all the colleagues who have read and c...

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(Not) being granted the right to belong—Amateur football clubs in Germany

Cited by 11 publications

References 86 publications

‘Refugee footballers’: A socioecological exploration of forced migrants in the Italian and German elite football system

‘Refugee footballers’: A socioecological exploration of forced migrants in the Italian and German elite football system

Racist Stacking in Professional Soccer in Germany

Substantive Belonging in a Post-Apartheid City: Examining the Intersection of Race, Class, Space, and Colonial Legacies in Cape Town

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