“Not Just Right Experiences” as a psychological endophenotype for obsessive-compulsive disorder: Evidence from an Italian family study

Emotional processing prospectively modulates the impact of anxiety on COVID-19 pandemic-related post-traumatic stress symptoms: an ERP study

“…Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI; Beck, 1990 ; Italian version by Sica et al, 2007 ). The BAI is a self-report questionnaire developed to assess the severity of anxiety in adults by assessing its emotional, cognitive, and physiological correlates.…”

“…The BAI is a self-report questionnaire developed to assess the severity of anxiety in adults by assessing its emotional, cognitive, and physiological correlates. Specifically, the BAI is composed of 21 items, each based on a four-point Likert scale and scores range from 0 to 63, with highest scores indicating greater anxiety symptoms ( Sica et al, 2007 ).…”

COVID-19 and depressive symptoms in students before and during lockdown

“…The study was approved by the University of Padova Ethical Committee of Psychology and participants provided informed consent. Between October 3 rd and October 23 rd 2019, we introduced the study to approximately 1000 University of Padova students, 153 of which matched target population characteristics (Italian native speaker students, age 18-30) and completed a demographic questionnaire and the Italian version of Beck Depression Inventory-2 4 (BDI-2, a validated self- report questionnaire for depressive symptoms evaluation, the score of which correlates with severity of depressive symptomatology) online 5 , both in October and in April (between 3 rd -23 rd ) 2020. We implemented generalised linear mixed models to evince if BDI-2 score changed during isolation with respect to the scores reported 6 months before.…”

“…Statistically, it is significantly linked to BDI-2 score before lockdown (Figure, D) and age, evidencing that younger participants with lower BDI-2 score before lockdown report higher percentage increases in BDI-2 score during lockdown. To assess if such increase could be clinically relevant, we divided participants into three clinically useful categories according to BDI-2 scores before lockdown (below 90 th percentile, above 95 th percentile, and between these two ranges 4 ) and tested how many participants switched from one category to another, or remained in the same one during lockdown. We fit the observed data to a multinomial regression model and found that a median increase of 22% in BDI-2 score (IQR= −21 – 90%) would not clinically affect 79,2% of our target population (IQR = 74,7 – 81,4%); 8,2% (6,9 – 9,8%) would progress to a more serious clinical category (either from < 90 th to 90 th -95 th range or from this latter to > 95 th ); and 6,2% (5,3 – 7,2%) would directly progress from < 90 th percentile category to the most severe clinical category (Figure, E and F).…”

Operational method of reliability and content-validity analysis: Taking “trait-symptoms” screening of individuals at high-risk for OCD as an example

“…This study found that OCD-traits and OCD-metacognition were more stable, while symptoms and beliefs were less stable. As for NJRE, the results of the data analysis suggested that it might be more symptomatic than the previously reported endophenotype [30]. Moreover, it did not appear to be suitable for screening high-risk groups in the Chinese military, because this study showed that the high-scoring individuals detected by the other 5 scales have high consistency, with the exception of NJRE.…”