(Not so) gently down the stream: River pollution and health in Indonesia

Garg, Teevrat; Hamilton, Stuart E.; Hochard, Jacob; Kresch, Evan Plous; Talbot, John

doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2018.08.011

Cited by 69 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Height reflects the accumulated effects of early-life health and diseases and is a well-known proxy for overall health and productivity. To credibly estimate the impacts of pollution exposure, the analysis exploits the direction of river flow and the upstream-downstream geographic relationship used in the literature (Do, Joshi, and Stolper 2018;Garg et al 2018;, following the methodology described in box 1.1 (see Zaveri et al, forthcoming, for technical details). Because the costs imposed by water pollution are largely felt in downstream regions, the analysis focuses on the impact of upstream pollution on health outcomes in downstream regions.…”

Section: Health Legacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality Unknown: The Invisible Water Crisis

Damania¹,

Desbureaux²,

Rodella³

et al. 2019

184

121

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This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.

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Section: Health Legacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality Unknown: The Invisible Water Crisis

Damania¹,

Desbureaux²,

Rodella³

et al. 2019

184

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This corroborates findings from this study where the rivers with more builtup areas (i.e., Awedele river) within its watershed showed greater deterioration of surface water quality. The greater activity of bacteria, fungi and coliform detected in surface water from Awedele compared to samples from Ureje is typical of rivers receiving input from bathing and related unsanitary practices and portends a greater likelihood for diarrhea-related illnesses when such contaminated drinking water is ingested [30].…”

Section: Surface Water Quality Across Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Watershed land use, surface water vulnerability and public health risks of two urban rivers, Ado-Ekiti, South-West Nigeria

et al. 2020

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The disruption of watersheds due to indiscriminate land use and urban development increases the vulnerability of adjacent surface water to contaminants of anthropogenic origin. This study assessed the relationship between disrupted watershed, drinking water quality and health risks of two urban rivers: Ureje and Awedele, Ado-Ekiti (Nigeria). Monthly samples of surface water (n = 60, per river) collected across seasons for 6 months (January-June, 2017) were analyzed for twenty-nine drinking water parameters including metals, nutrients (phosphates and nitrates) and pathogens using standard methods. The difference in the mean concentration of parameters between rivers was determined using t test, while the association between change in seasons and water quality parameters of both rivers was highlighted using principal component analysis (PCA). The risk was assessed based on on-site inspection studies and water sample analysis using WHO semiquantitative risk matrix approach. Inferences on surface water vulnerability were made from percentage built-up areas, riparian cover and stream order within each watershed. Mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, Fe, Mn, nitrates and coliform presence in samples from Awedele river (0.02 ± 0.00; 0.005 ± 0.001; 5.44 ± 1.33; 0.81 ± 0.03; 58.03 ± 0.10 mg/L; 1.2 × 10 6 MPN/100 ml, respectively) and Cd, Fe, Mn, nitrates and coliform in samples from Ureje river (0.004 ± 0.0001; 4.96 ± 0.12; 0.54 ± 0.01; 62.08 ± 0.02 mg/L; 1.6 × 10 3 MPN/100 ml, respectively) were above the permissible limits of WHO drinking guidelines. Risk assessment revealed urban runoff and unsanitary practices within the watershed as possible hazardous events which may compromise water quality of both rivers, while the PCA associated greater likelihood of surface water deterioration with areas of a higher percentage built-up area and lesser riparian density and width. We infer that disrupted watersheds and greater riparian depletion due to urbanization increased chances of metals and pathogens incidence that negatively impacts water. A twofold strategy of policy protection of watersheds and public health education on sourcing polluted surface water is recommended.

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“…The National Hydrography Dataset provides a georeferenced atlas of every US water feature. Software and computing advances such as ArcGIS, QGIS, C++, and the National Hydrography Dataset have streamflow algorithms, and several papers now exploit the direction of streamflow (Ebenstein 2012;Olmstead et al 2013;Cicala 2017;Lipscomb and Mobarak 2017;Garg et al 2018;. Also, since 2000, the Watershed Boundary Database has a more spatially detailed watershed called a Hydrologic Unit Code.…”

Section: Why a Dearth Of Economic Research On Water Pollution?mentioning

confidence: 99%

US Water Pollution Regulation over the Past Half Century: Burning Waters to Crystal Springs?

Keiser

Shapiro

2019

Journal of Economic Perspectives

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In the half century since the founding of the US Environmental Protection Agency, public and private US sources have spent nearly $5 trillion ($2017) to provide clean rivers, lakes, and drinking water (annual spending of 0.8 percent of US GDP in most years). Yet over half of rivers and substantial shares of drinking water systems violate standards, and polls for decades have listed water pollution as Americans’ number one environmental concern. We assess the history, effectiveness, and efficiency of the Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act and obtain four main conclusions. First, water pollution has fallen since these laws were passed, in part due to their interventions. Second, investments made under these laws could be more cost effective. Third, most recent studies estimate benefits of cleaning up pollution in rivers and lakes that are less than the costs, though these studies may undercount several potentially important types of benefits. Analysis finds more positive net benefits of drinking water quality investments. Fourth, economic research and teaching on water pollution are relatively uncommon, as measured by samples of publications, conference presentations, and textbooks.

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(Not so) gently down the stream: River pollution and health in Indonesia

Cited by 69 publications

References 24 publications

Quality Unknown: The Invisible Water Crisis

Quality Unknown: The Invisible Water Crisis

Watershed land use, surface water vulnerability and public health risks of two urban rivers, Ado-Ekiti, South-West Nigeria

US Water Pollution Regulation over the Past Half Century: Burning Waters to Crystal Springs?

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