Contextualising digital inequalitiesThe concept of 'hard to reach' groups in HE -and addressing such under-representationhas been occupying Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) for many decades. The massification of HE started explicitly with the report by Robbins (1963), which called for mass expansion of HE in the UK, yet also recognised that certain steps had to be taken to encourage wider social mobility within the sector. This starting point spawned a range of national initiatives, such as Aimhigher and, recently, the National Collaborative Outreach Programme (NCOP) to try to engage the apparently 'unengaged', whilst access to HEincluding financial incentives -is now co-ordinated by an Office for Fair Access (OFFA); hence, it is now big business for all HEIs.The use of technology as part of the agenda to promote wider access by all has obfuscated a wider capability issue, with studies beginning to examine the intricacies of digital exclusion and questioning whether some students have 'the right kind of digital capital' (Seale et al, 2015). In seeking to avoid further digital inequalities, educators must acknowledge that there is evidence of a disparity in the relationship between transformative learning and technologyenabled learning (TEL). While highlighting that TEL has the potential to enhance and enrich student learning, Torrisi-Steele and Drew (2013), Henderson et al (2015) and Kirkwood (2014) all had reservations about its evident transformative nature. Evidence from our study indicates that the use of technology within HE can be primarily for efficiency and effectiveness -commonly known as hygiene factors -rather than for emancipation.
Being a 'digital native' is not enoughAnecdotally, there are strong beliefs held concerning assumptions that students arrive at HEIs as apparent 'digital natives' who are very comfortable with all digital processes. However, whilst many students are attuned intuitively to being connected socially by using technology such as Facebook as part of their everyday lives, they are far less likely to arrive with effective information-retrieval and -interrogation approaches -as needed and expected of new entrant 'Generation Zs' for academic study or for future employability development. Evidence is beginning to suggest that the attributes of digital natives are poor predictors of competent information literacy (Sorgo et al, 2016). Our review found that students themselves often fail to appreciate the role of technology in student-centred approaches to learning, expressing support for logistical benefits and hygiene factors (Henderson et al, 2015;Torrisi-Steele and Drew, 2013) rather than for 'creative, collaborative, hyperconnected practices' (Henderson et al, 2015:10). This can be linked inherently with a student as consumer ethos (Henderson et al, 2015;Hutchings et al, 2014), in which metrics of satisfaction are aligned problematically with teaching practice. For example, measures of perceived 'usefulness' (Henderson et al, 2015) were used as proxies for effective TEL and, as...