Not Yet Dead: The Establishment and Regulation of Slavery by the Islamic State

Al-Dayel, Nadia; Mumford, Andrew; Bales, Kevin

doi:10.1080/1057610x.2020.1711590

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It kidnapped migrants and held them in slavery conditions inside a former hospital and an abandoned Turkish construction building in Nawfaliyah (Gebrekidan, 2016). The enslavement and the trafficking of persons in Libya benefited the Islamic State, similar to the way in which this organization captured and enslaved Yazidis across Iraq and Syria in August 2014 (Al-Dayel, Mumford, & Bales, 2020).…”

Section: Locations Of Detainment and Captivitymentioning

confidence: 80%

Captivity, Migration, and Power in Libya

Al-Dayel¹,

Anfinson²,

Anfinson³

2021

Journal of Human Trafficking

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this article, we investigate abuse, captivity, and human trafficking along routes of irregular migration in Libya after the reign of Muammar Gaddafi. We argue that the systematic exploitation of migrants financially benefits competing actors in intra-state conflicts and terrorist organizations with global ambitions. Through a macro to micro analysis informed by a corpus of investigative reports and survivor testimony from 2011 to 2019, we map sites of captivity, facility types, and the conditions of abuse. We establish that the treatment of detainees across both official and illicit channels constitutes conditions of human trafficking, gender-based violence, and enslavement. Decentralized mechanisms of detainment directly benefit militant, criminal, and terrorist actors vying for power. This realization compels us to consider the implications of outsourcing migration control against the backdrop of verified human rights abuse, human trafficking, counterterrorism concerns, and global insecurity.

show abstract

Section: Locations Of Detainment and Captivitymentioning

confidence: 80%

Captivity, Migration, and Power in Libya

Al-Dayel¹,

Anfinson²,

Anfinson³

2021

Journal of Human Trafficking

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The uses of enslavement in conflict are normally tactical , but throughout history, as well as today, slavery has also been used to serve strategic aims – for instance, on both sides of the American Civil War; as part of the strategy of genocide pursued by German/Axis forces in World War 2 (von Plato, Leh & Thonfeld, 2010); and in the genocide by Pol Pot in Cambodia. More recently, ISIS made enslavement part of its strategy to exterminate the Yazidi people in Northern Iraq (Al-Dayel, Mumford & Bales, 2020).…”

Section: Questions Of Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of ISIS, this meant impregnating women from an ethnic group marked for extermination. For ISIS, pregnancy erased a woman’s ethnicity, replacing it with the ‘ethnic status’ of the sperm and fetus forced upon her (Al-Dayel, Mumford & Bales, 2020). In strategic enslavement, as in genocide, there is a clearly understood ‘target group’ that is eligible for both enslavement and extermination.…”

Section: Questions Of Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary slavery in armed conflict: Introducing the CSAC dataset, 1989–2016

Bales

Smith

Datta

2022

Journal of Peace Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We introduce a new dataset, Contemporary Slavery in Armed Conflict (CSAC), coding instances and types of enslavement in armed conflict from 1989 to 2016, building on Uppsala Conflict Data Program data. CSAC currently covers 171 armed conflicts from 1989 to 2016, with the unit of analysis being the conflict-year. We identify different types of enslavement within these conflicts and find that 87% contained incidences of child soldiers, 34% included sexual exploitation/forced marriage, 23% included forced labor, and 16% contained instances of human trafficking. The use of enslavement in armed conflict to support strategic aims is also identified and found in about 17% of cases. Next, drawing upon key variables from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program, we present a series of cross-tabulations looking at the presence of slavery and conflict broken down by conflict incompatibility, intensity level, and type. We see the coding of slavery within conflict as a step toward generating greater understanding of when and how state and non-state actors use enslavement within conflict, with the goal of mitigating and possibly eradicating slavery in warfare.

show abstract

“…This underlines how much antislavery could benefit from the latest satellite technologies for mapping, dating and extracting features of structures and events associated with slavery activity (fishing vessels, logging, mining, etc.). This has potential for immediate global applicability and replication, including reaching areas that may be dangerous, and/or out-ofbounds, such as the areas controlled by ISIS (Al-Dayel et al, 2020), with high levels of temporal up-date. Thus, truly uncovering populations of vulnerable people that are hidden in plain sight.…”

Section: Humanities and Socialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informing action for United Nations SDG target 8.7 and interdependent SDGs: Examining modern slavery from space

Boyd

Perrat

et al. 2021

Humanit Soc Sci Commun

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article provides an example of the ways in which remote sensing, Earth observation, and machine learning can be deployed to provide the most up to date quantitative portrait of the South Asian ‘Brick Belt’, with a view to understanding the extent of the prevalence of modern slavery and exploitative labour. This analysis represents the first of its kind in estimating the spatiotemporal patterns in the Bull’s Trench Kilns across the Brick Belt, as well as its connections with various UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). With a principal focus on Sustainable Development Goal Target 8.7 regarding the effective measures to end modern slavery by 2030, the article provides additional evidence on the intersections that exist between SDG 8.7 and those relating to urbanisation (SDG 11, 12), environmental degradation and pollution (SDG 3, 14, 15), and climate change (SDG 13). Our findings are then used to make a series of pragmatic suggestions for mitigating the most extreme SDG risks associated with brick production in ways that can improve human lives and human freedom.

show abstract

Not Yet Dead: The Establishment and Regulation of Slavery by the Islamic State

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Captivity, Migration, and Power in Libya

Captivity, Migration, and Power in Libya

Contemporary slavery in armed conflict: Introducing the CSAC dataset, 1989–2016

Informing action for United Nations SDG target 8.7 and interdependent SDGs: Examining modern slavery from space

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About